Medical preceptorship: perceptions and perspectives of new family doctors in Brazil

Abstract: Introduction: Learning in practical environments consists in an essential component of medical education. In recent decades, medical schools have sought to immerse their students in professional settings since the early years of studying. In these scenarios, the preceptors, more experienced physicians, are responsible for supporting their students in the development of professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and perspectives of participants of the Preceptorship Training Course (PTC) in Family Medicine - UNA-SUS about preceptorship and medical education. Methods: The quantitative descriptive study was conducted in two phases: ‘Population Outlining’ phase, including participants’ academic data, and ‘Survey Questionnaire’ phase, performed by applying a questionnaire through a digital platform. Results: The ‘Population Outlining’ identified 2,530 participants in the PTC, with the predominance of females and southeastern residents. The ‘Survey Questionnaire’ phase constituted of 232 respondents, of whom 73.4% reported acknowledging their preceptors’ contributions, and more than 90% expressed interest in teaching activities, valuing their curriculum enhancement and academic acknowledge. Conclusion: Our findings evidenced positive perceptions about preceptorship and a propensity to engage in teaching activities among the participants, reinforcing the importance of debates about qualification, recruiting and retention of preceptors.

摘要：
引言：实践场景中的学习是医学教育不可或缺的核心构成要素。近数十年来，医学院校自学生求学初期便着力将其沉浸式融入专业实践环境。在此类场景中，经验更为丰富的带教医师（preceptors）肩负着指导学生培育专业知识、技能与职业态度的职责。
研究目的：本研究旨在探析巴西UNA-SUS家庭医学带教培训课程（Preceptorship Training Course, PTC）参与者对带教工作与医学教育的认知与见解。
研究方法：本研究采用定量描述性研究设计，分为两个阶段：一是“人群概况梳理”阶段，收集参与者的学术数据；二是“调查问卷”阶段，通过数字平台发放问卷开展调研。
研究结果：“人群概况梳理”阶段共纳入2530名PTC参与者，其中女性占比偏高，且以东南部地区居民为主。“调查问卷”阶段共回收有效问卷232份，其中73.4%的受访者表示认可带教医师的指导贡献，超过90%的受访者表示对教学活动抱有兴趣，重视课程体系优化与学术认知提升。
研究结论：本研究结果证实，参与者对带教工作持有积极认知，且倾向于参与教学活动，这进一步凸显了开展带教医师资质认定、招募与留存相关研讨的重要性。