Comparison of optimization results.

Aiming at the extreme loading conditions of an backhoe loader under dynamic and uncertain environments, this paper proposes a structural optimization method based on EDEM-ADAMS for a compact multi-functional excavating transporter device. The D-H coordinate kinematic analysis model of the backhoe loader is constructed, and the forward kinematic solution is obtained. Using the multi-body dynamics software ADAMS and enhanced discrete element software, a virtual prototype model and a discrete element material model are established. Through the coupled simulation method of EDEM-ADAMS, the load distribution of two working modes, forward digging and side digging, is analyzed, and the extreme working conditions of the boom are determined. Finally, topology optimization of the boom under extreme working conditions is performed to strengthen the local structure. The results show that after optimization, the boom’s mass is reduced by 14.32 kg (13.80%), the maximum stress is reduced by 26.12%, and the total deformation is reduced by 29.11%. Compared to existing optimization methods, the equivalent stress and total deformation of the proposed optimized model are reduced by 18.76% and 22.27%, respectively. These improvements not only achieve weight reduction but also significantly enhance the structural strength and safety. The optimized design has significant implications for the structural optimization of similar backhoe loader under extreme working conditions.

针对挖掘装载机（backhoe loader）在动态不确定环境下的极端载荷工况，本文提出一种基于EDEM-ADAMS耦合的紧凑型多功能挖掘运输装置结构优化方法。首先构建挖掘装载机的D-H坐标运动学分析模型，并求解得到正运动学解。借助多体动力学软件ADAMS与离散元软件EDEM，分别建立虚拟样机模型与离散元材料模型。通过EDEM-ADAMS耦合仿真方法，分析前挖、侧挖两种作业模式下的载荷分布，确定动臂的极端作业工况。随后对极端工况下的动臂开展拓扑优化以强化局部结构。研究结果表明，优化后动臂质量降低14.32kg，降幅达13.80%，最大应力降低26.12%，总变形量减少29.11%。与现有优化方法相比，本文所提优化模型的等效应力与总变形量分别降低18.76%与22.27%。上述改进不仅实现了轻量化目标，还显著提升了结构强度与安全性能。该优化设计对于同类挖掘装载机在极端工况下的结构优化具有重要的参考价值。