Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses

Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are a family of essential fatty acids with many biological activities. These fatty acids are incorporated into cell membranes, changing their structural and functional characteristics. N-3 PUFA can act by modulating inflammatory responses at different levels. Omega-3 PUFA can be converted in the body to longer-chain n-3 PUFA at a limited rate and are differently converted in body systems. It appears that when specific longer-chain n-3 PUFA are desired these need to be supplemented directly in the diet. In different species some evidence indicates a potential effect on improving insulin sensitivity. Recently, a novel class of n-3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been recognized, termed E-series and D-series resolvins, formed from EPA and DHA, respectively. N-3 PUFA derived resolvins and protectins are heavily involved in the resolution of inflammation. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in horses may help manage chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, equine metabolic syndrome, laminitis, and thereby help to improve longevity of sport horse.

多不饱和Omega-3脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）是一类具备多种生物学活性的必需脂肪酸家族。这类脂肪酸可嵌入细胞膜，改变其结构与功能特性。n-3 PUFA可通过调控不同层级的炎症反应发挥作用。机体将Omega-3 PUFA转化为长链n-3 PUFA的速率有限，且在不同身体系统中的转化存在差异。若需获取特定长链n-3 PUFA，似乎需通过膳食直接补充。针对不同物种的多项研究证据显示，其或可改善胰岛素敏感性。近期，一类由n-3 PUFA衍生的新型抗炎介质被确认，即分别由二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）生成的E系列及D系列消退素。由n-3 PUFA衍生的消退素与保护素广泛参与炎症消退过程。给马匹补充n-3脂肪酸，或有助于辅助管理骨关节炎、马代谢综合征、蹄叶炎等慢性炎症性疾病，进而延长运动马的使用寿命。