Table 1_TikTok fitspiration and fitness ideal internalisation: gender differences in self-esteem and body satisfaction.docx

IntroductionFitspiration content promotes active, healthy lifestyles by advocating for healthy eating, regular exercise, and self-care. While Instagram’s impact on body image has been widely studied, limited research has explored TikTok fitspiration. This study examined how TikTok usage influences fit ideal internalisation, state self-esteem and perceptions of physical appearance, as well as gender differences in responses to fitspiration content on body satisfaction.
MethodsA total of 274 participants (61.7% females; aged 18–62, M = 21.8, SD = 7.64) completed an online questionnaire assessing TikTok usage, fit internalisation and appearance-related perceptions. Participants then viewed three fitspiration videos, and their levels of body satisfaction and state self-esteem were measured before and after exposure.
ResultsPaired-samples t-tests revealed a significant decrease in body satisfaction post-exposure (p < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.47), while state self-esteem remained unchanged (p = 0.354, Cohen’s d = 0.023). A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that females’ state self-esteem and body satisfaction were significantly lower than males due to TikTok fitspiration content (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that among usage variables (e.g., frequency of use, posting habits, follower count), only the number of followees (β = 0.871, p = 0.020) and received “likes” (β = 1.449, p < 0.001) positively predicted fit internalisation, with no significant effect on appearance.
DiscussionThese findings highlighted the importance of educational interventions to counter the influence of TikTok fitspiration content. A potential implication of this study is the promotion of a shift from aesthetic ideals to physical capabilities.

引言
健身励志内容（fitspiration）通过倡导健康饮食、规律运动与自我关怀，推广积极健康的生活方式。尽管学界已对Instagram对身体意象（body image）的影响开展了大量研究，但针对TikTok平台健身励志内容的相关探索仍较为匮乏。本研究旨在探究TikTok使用行为如何影响健身理想内化（fit ideal internalisation）、状态自尊（state self-esteem）与外貌感知，同时考察受众对TikTok健身励志内容的反应在身体满意度（body satisfaction）层面的性别差异。
研究方法
本研究共招募274名被试（女性占比61.7%，年龄范围18~62岁，平均年龄M=21.8，标准差SD=7.64），所有被试均完成一份线上问卷，用于评估其TikTok使用情况、健身理想内化程度以及与外貌相关的感知水平。随后，被试观看三段健身励志视频，并在观看前后分别测量其身体满意度与状态自尊水平。
研究结果
配对样本t检验结果显示，观看视频后被试的身体满意度显著降低（p<0.01，科恩d值（Cohen’s d）=0.47），而状态自尊水平无显著变化（p=0.354，科恩d值=0.023）。多因素方差分析（multivariate analysis of variance, MANOVA）结果表明，接触TikTok健身励志内容后，女性的状态自尊与身体满意度均显著低于男性（p<0.05）。多元回归分析结果显示，在TikTok使用相关变量（如使用频率、发布习惯、粉丝数）中，仅关注数（followees）（β=0.871，p=0.020）与获赞数（β=1.449，p<0.001）可正向预测健身理想内化程度，且该效应未对外貌感知产生显著影响。
讨论
本研究结果凸显了开展教育干预以抵消TikTok健身励志内容负面影响的重要性。本研究的一项潜在实践意义在于，呼吁将审美导向的身体理想转向以身体机能为核心的健康理念。