SPSS version dataset.

Background
The full pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccination is the main strategy to prevent five communicable diseases in early childhood, especially in countries with huge communicable disease burdens like Ethiopia. Exploring spatial distributions and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination status in minor ecological areas in Ethiopia is crucial for creating targeted immunization campaigns and monitoring the advancement of accomplishing sustainable development goals. This study aimed to investigate the spatial disparities and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination among 12-23-month-old children in Ethiopia.
Method
The data on pentavalent vaccine uptake was found in the Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey (EDHS, 2019). A two-stage cluster sampling method was applied to collect the EDHS data. The enumeration area was the primary sample unit while the household served as the secondary sampling unit. The geographical variations of full pentavalent vaccine uptake were explored using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software. The significant predictors of full pentavalent vaccination were identified using a simple logistic regression model through R version 4.1 software.
Result
The national full pentavalent vaccine uptake was 59.2%. The spatial distribution of full pentavalent vaccine uptake was not uniform in Ethiopia. Spatial cluster analysis revealed that most of low coverage regions for full pentavalent vaccine uptake were Afar, Somali, and Harari. The regions with the highest and lowest rates of vaccine uptake were Tigray and Harari region, respectively. Maternal age of 35–49 years (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 1.99, 5.87), and 25–34 years (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.19), primary education attended (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.07, 2.11), richness wealth index (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.40, 2.75), birth order of 1–3 (AOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.96), and delivery in the health facility (AOR = 3.41: 95% CI: 2.52, 4.61) were the determinants of full pentavalent vaccine uptake in Ethiopia.
Conclusion
Ethiopia’s full pentavalent vaccine uptake was far lower than the global target. Older maternal age, maternal education, wealth index, birth order, and giving birth in a health facility were the determinants of full pentavalent vaccine uptake. Special attention should be given to Afar, Somali, and Harari regions, to strengthen the vaccine uptake. Moreover, improved socioeconomic status and getting maternal health services during delivery are necessary to enhance vaccine uptake.

研究背景
五价联合疫苗（DPT-HepB-Hib）全程接种是预防儿童早期五种传染性疾病的核心防控策略，对于埃塞俄比亚这类传染病负担沉重的国家而言尤为关键。探究埃塞俄比亚小型生态区域内五价疫苗全程接种状态的空间分布特征及其影响因素，对于制定精准化免疫接种行动、监测可持续发展目标的实现进展均具有重要意义。本研究旨在分析埃塞俄比亚12~23月龄儿童中五价疫苗全程接种的空间差异及其相关影响因素。

研究方法
本研究的五价疫苗接种数据来源于2019年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey, EDHS 2019）。该调查采用两阶段整群抽样方案采集数据：以普查区作为一级抽样单元，以家庭作为二级抽样单元。本研究借助量子地理信息系统（Quantum Geographic Information System, QGIS）软件，对五价疫苗全程接种率的地理分布差异进行可视化分析。同时通过R 4.1版本统计软件构建简单逻辑回归模型，识别五价疫苗全程接种的显著预测因素。

研究结果
埃塞俄比亚全国五价疫苗全程接种率为59.2%。该国五价疫苗全程接种率的空间分布并不均衡。空间聚类分析结果显示，五价疫苗全程接种覆盖率较低的区域主要集中在阿法尔州（Afar）、索马里州（Somali）和哈勒尔州（Harari）。疫苗接种率最高和最低的行政区域分别为提格雷州（Tigray）与哈勒尔州。
经分析，母亲年龄处于35~49岁（调整后优势比（adjusted odds ratio, AOR）=3.42；95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI）：1.99~5.87）、25~34岁（AOR=1.55；95%CI：1.17~2.19），母亲接受过初等教育（AOR=1.51；95%CI：1.07~2.11），家庭财富指数处于较高层级（AOR=1.96；95%CI：1.40~2.75），出生胎次为1~3胎（AOR=1.88；95%CI：1.19~2.96），以及在医疗机构分娩（AOR=3.41；95%CI：2.52~4.61），均为埃塞俄比亚儿童五价疫苗全程接种的显著影响因素。

研究结论
埃塞俄比亚五价疫苗全程接种率远低于全球既定目标。母亲年龄偏大、母亲受教育程度、家庭财富指数、出生胎次以及在医疗机构分娩，均为影响五价疫苗全程接种的关键因素。应重点关注阿法尔州、索马里州和哈勒尔州，以强化当地的疫苗接种工作。此外，改善家庭社会经济地位以及分娩期间获得孕产妇保健服务，对于提升疫苗接种率具有重要意义。