Agronomic yield and quality of industrial tomatoes under NPK doses

ABSTRACT High doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in irrigated systems may lead to an increase in the productivity of industrial tomatoes, but may also alter the final quality of the fruits. The objective of this was to evaluate the agronomic yield and post-harvest quality of industrial tomatoes, under NPK doses for climatic conditions of Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The study was conducted in the city of Jaíba, MG, Brazil, in randomized block design with four repetitions in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, consisting of three doses of N (90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1), of P (270, 405 and 540 kg ha-1) and of K (225, 337 and 450 kg ha-1), corresponding to 50, 75 and 100% of the fertilization recommendation; and three tomato hybrids: BRS Sena, Heinz 9553 and BHN 0574. The following variables were evaluated: number of bunches, number and weight of fruits, productivity and fertilizer efficiency index; besides the physico-chemical characteristics: firmness, soluble solids concentration, pH and pulp industrial yield. The hybrid Heinz 9553 showed higher weight, number of fruits, productivity and industrial yield at doses of 75 and 100% of NPK recommendation. The fertilizer doses did not interfere on the soluble solids, pH and fruit firmness of the three hybrids. The hybrid BRS Sena was not influenced by the increase of NPK and there was lower weight, number of fruits, productivity and fertilization efficiency. The hybrid BHN and Heinz hybrids can be indicated for cultivation at doses of 100 and 75% of NPK recommendation, because they promote higher agronomic yield and do not alter the post-harvest quality of the tomatoes.

摘要
灌溉系统中高剂量的氮、磷、钾（NPK）施用，可提升加工番茄的产量，同时亦可能改变果实的最终品质。本研究旨在针对巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州北部的气候条件，探究不同NPK施肥剂量下加工番茄的农艺产量与采后品质。本试验于巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州雅伊巴市开展，采用3×3因子设计的随机区组试验，设置4次重复。氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）施用量分别设置3个梯度：N为90、135、180 kg·ha⁻¹，P为270、405、540 kg·ha⁻¹，K为225、337、450 kg·ha⁻¹，对应施肥推荐量的50%、75%和100%；供试加工番茄杂交品种共3个：BRS Sena、Heinz 9553及BHN 0574。测定指标包括：果穗数、果实数量与单果重、产量及肥料利用效率指数；此外还测定了理化特性：果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、pH值及果肉加工得率。Heinz 9553杂交品种在NPK施用量为推荐量75%和100%时，表现出更高的单果重、果实数量、产量及加工得率。施肥剂量对3个供试杂交品种的可溶性固形物含量、pH值及果实硬度均无显著影响。BRS Sena杂交品种的相关指标不受NPK施用量提升的影响，且其单果重、果实数量、产量及肥料利用效率均处于较低水平。BHN与Heinz系列杂交品种可推荐在NPK施用量为推荐量75%和100%的条件下种植，因其可提升农艺产量且不会改变番茄的采后品质。