RSQSim Simulated Earthquake Catalog 5091, New Zealand, NSHM2012 Fault System, 276kyr

Earthquake simulator for New Zealand Simulated earthquake catalog, generated with the Rate-State Earthquake Simulator (RSQSim), described in and used by the following publication: Bruce E. Shaw, Bill Fry, Andrew Nicol, Andrew Howell, and Matthew Gerstenberger, An Earthquake Simulator for New Zealand, submitted, 2021. A github repository with python tools to interact with this catalog, and other similar rsqsim catalogs, is located at: https://github.com/uc-eqgeo/rsqsim-python-tools This repository is intended to continue to be improved and updated . Additional references discussing the simulator and its uses: Kevin R. Milner, Bruce E. Shaw, Christine A. Goulet, Keith B. Richards‐Dinger, Scott Callaghan, Thomas H. Jordan, James H. Dieterich, Edward H. Field; Toward Physics‐Based Nonergodic PSHA: A Prototype Fully Deterministic Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2021;; 111 (2): 898–915. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200216 Bruce E. Shaw, Kevin R. Milner, Edward H. Field; Keith B. Richards‐Dinger, Jacquelyn J. Gilchrist, James H. Dieterich, and Thomas H. Jordan, 'A physics-based earthquake simulator replicates seismic hazard statistics across California', Science Advances, 4, 2018. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau0688 The catalog is simulated on a fault system for New Zealand built from source in the NSHM2021 national hazard model, following the hybrid loading technique described in Shaw (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180128). File Descriptions: The descriptions below are for some of the more relevant files. There are additional files as well. The python tools in the github repository interact with additional files not mentioned here. Catalog CSV File: catalog.csv This is a human-readable summary file listing each event (after skipping the first 50kyrs of model spin-up time). Each line corresponds to an event in the catalog, and contains the following information: * Event ID and occurrence time * Magnitude, Moment, and Area * Participating element information (count, average slip, long-term average slip rate) * Hypocenter and scalar-moment centroid locations * Rupture surface minimum and maximum depths Geometry File (ASCII): zfault_Deepen.in ASCII file listing patch (triangular) geometry for the simulated faults in a UTM coordinate system (zone 11S). The primary columns are: * /x1, y1, z1/ - UTM coordinates of the first vertex * /x2, y2, z2/ - UTM coordinates of the second vertex * /x3, y3, z3/ - UTM coordinates of the third vertex * /rake/ - Direction of the motion of the hanging wall relative to the footwall (in degrees, following the convention of Aki & Richards, 2002) * /slip_rate/ - Long-term average slip rate (in m/s) The first line in the file (excluding comment lines that start with '#') is the patch with ID=1, the second ID=2, etc. Additional metadata columns may exist in each line beyond those listed and can be ignored. Catalog List Files (binary): catalog.eList, catalog.pList, catalog.tList, catalog.dList The raw output of RSQSim includes 4 binary "list" files that define the simulated event IDs, times, and total slip in each participating patch. All 4 list files should be processed together, as the /N/-th item in one list file corresponds to the /N/-th item in each other file. For each patch the ruptures during an event, a value is written to each of these files giving 1) the patch number, 2) the event number, 3) the distance slipped during the event, and 4) the time of first rupture for that patch during that event. The format is as follows: * catalog.eList: list of event IDs (1-based), stored as little-endian 4-byte integers * catalog.pList: list of patch IDs (1-based), stored as little-endian 4-byte integers * catalog.tList: list of time of first slip on each patch in each event (in seconds, relative to simulation origin time), stored as little-endian 8-byte double precision floating-point numbers * catalog.dList: list of total slip on each patch in each event (in meters), stored as little-endian 8-byte double precision floating-point numbers RSQSim Input File (ASCII): multiparam.in Key-value pairs of RSQSim model parameters, used to originally run the simulation.

本数据集为新西兰地震模拟地震目录，由速率-状态地震模拟器（Rate-State Earthquake Simulator, RSQSim）生成，相关研究文献及该数据集的应用场景如下：Bruce E. Shaw、Bill Fry、Andrew Nicol、Andrew Howell与Matthew Gerstenberger于2021年投稿待刊的《An Earthquake Simulator for New Zealand》。
提供用于交互处理该目录及其他同类RSQSim目录的Python工具的GitHub仓库地址为：https://github.com/uc-eqgeo/rsqsim-python-tools，该仓库将持续进行改进与更新。
以下为讨论该模拟器及其应用的相关参考文献：
1. Kevin R. Milner、Bruce E. Shaw、Christine A. Goulet、Keith B. Richards‐Dinger、Scott Callaghan、Thomas H. Jordan、James H. Dieterich、Edward H. Field：《面向基于物理的非遍历性概率地震危险性分析：南加州原型全确定性地震灾害模型》，《美国地震学会通报》2021年，第111卷第2期，第898–915页。DOI：https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200216
2. Bruce E. Shaw、Kevin R. Milner、Edward H. Field、Keith B. Richards‐Dinger、Jacquelyn J. Gilchrist、James H. Dieterich与Thomas H. Jordan：《基于物理的地震模拟器可复现加州全境地震灾害统计特征》，《科学·进展》2018年第4卷。DOI：10.1126/sciadv.aau0688

该地震目录基于NSHM2021国家灾害模型中的震源构建新西兰断层系统，并遵循Shaw（2019）提出的混合加载技术（https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180128）完成模拟。

文件说明
以下为部分核心相关文件的说明，本数据集还包含其他额外文件，GitHub仓库中的Python工具可与未在此处列出的额外文件进行交互。
1. 目录CSV文件：catalog.csv
该文件为人类可读的汇总文件，收录了模型预热期（前5万年）之后的所有地震事件。每一行对应目录中的一个事件，包含以下信息：
* 事件ID与发震时间
* 震级、地震矩与破裂面积
* 参与断层面片信息（面片数量、平均滑动量、长期平均滑动速率）
* 震源位置与标量矩质心位置
* 破裂面最小与最大深度
2. 几何文件（ASCII格式）：zfault_Deepen.in
该ASCII文件以通用横轴墨卡托（UTM）坐标系11S分带列出模拟断层的三角形面片几何信息。主要列信息如下：
* `/x1, y1, z1/`：第一个顶点的UTM坐标
* `/x2, y2, z2/`：第二个顶点的UTM坐标
* `/x3, y3, z3/`：第三个顶点的UTM坐标
* `/rake/`：上盘相对于下盘的运动方向（单位为度，遵循Aki与Richards 2002年提出的通用规范）
* `/slip_rate/`：长期平均滑动速率（单位为m/s）
文件中（排除以`#`开头的注释行）第一行对应ID为1的断层面片，第二行对应ID为2的面片，依此类推。每行可能包含上述列之外的额外元数据列，可忽略不计。
3. 目录列表文件（二进制格式）：catalog.eList、catalog.pList、catalog.tList、catalog.dList
RSQSim的原始输出包含4个二进制“列表”文件，用于定义模拟事件的ID、发震时间以及每个参与断层面片的总滑动量。这4个列表文件需联合使用，即一个文件中的第N项与其余3个文件中的第N项一一对应。
对于某次事件中发生破裂的每个断层面片，这些文件会分别写入以下信息：1）面片编号；2）事件编号；3）该面片在本次事件中的滑动距离；4）该面片在本次事件中首次破裂的时间。格式说明如下：
* `catalog.eList`：事件ID列表（编号从1开始），以小端序4字节整数存储
* `catalog.pList`：面片ID列表（编号从1开始），以小端序4字节整数存储
* `catalog.tList`：各事件中每个面片首次滑动的时间列表（单位为秒，相对于模拟起始时间），以小端序8字节双精度浮点数存储
* `catalog.dList`：各事件中每个面片的总滑动量列表（单位为米），以小端序8字节双精度浮点数存储
4. RSQSim输入文件（ASCII格式）：multiparam.in
包含RSQSim模型参数的键值对文件，用于本次模拟的初始运行配置。