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Dynamic viscosity of liquid cesium at different temperatures Junjie Chen Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com This silvery metal with a golden cast is the most reactive and one of the softest of all metals. It melts just above room temperature. It is about half as abundant as lead and 70 times as abundant as silver. The primary difficulty associated with the production of pure cesium is that cesium is always found together with rubidium in nature and is also mixed with other alkali metals. Because cesium and rubidium are very similar chemically, their separation presented numerous problems before the advent of ion-exchange methods and ion-specific complexing agents such as crown ethers. Once pure salts have been prepared, it is a straightforward task to convert them to the free metal. Cesium metal is produced in rather limited amounts because of its relatively high cost. Cesium has application in thermionic power converters that generate electricity directly within nuclear reactors or from the heat produced by radioactive decay. Cesium is difficult to handle because it reacts spontaneously in air. If a metal sample has a large enough surface area, it can burn to form superoxides. Cesium superoxide has a more reddish cast. Cesium is the most electropositive and most alkaline element, and thus, more easily than all other elements, it loses its single valence electron and forms ionic bonds with nearly all the inorganic and organic anions. Rubidium and cesium are miscible in all proportions and have complete solid solubility. Temperature (degrees Celsius), Dynamic viscosity (grams per meter per second) 50 0.598 100 0.469 150 0.389 200 0.334 250 0.294 300 0.264 350 0.24 400 0.221 450 0.206 500 0.192 550 0.181 600 0.171 650 0.163 700 0.156 750 0.149 800 0.143 850 0.138 900 0.134 950 0.129 1000 0.125 1050 0.122 1100 0.119 1150 0.116 1200 0.113 1250 0.11 1300 0.108 1350 0.106 1400 0.104 1450 0.102 1500 0.1 1550 0.098 1600 0.097 1650 0.095 1700 0.094 1750 0.092 1800 0.091 1850 0.090 1900 0.089 1950 0.088 2000 0.086 Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China

不同温度下液态铯的动力粘度（dynamic viscosity）陈俊杰河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院能源与动力工程系，中国河南省焦作市世纪大道2000号，454000 贡献者：陈俊杰，ORCID（开放研究者与贡献者身份识别码）：0000-0001-5055-4309，电子邮箱：komcjj@gmail.com 这种带有金色光泽的银白色金属，是所有金属中反应性最强、质地最柔软的金属之一。其熔点仅略高于室温。铯的地壳丰度约为铅的一半，是银的70倍。纯铯的生产面临的核心难题在于：天然条件下铯始终与铷伴生，且混杂其他碱金属。由于铯与铷的化学性质极为相似，在离子交换法及冠醚等离子特异性络合剂问世之前，二者的分离曾存在诸多技术障碍。待纯铯盐制备完成后，将其转化为金属单质的步骤则较为简便。受成本相对较高的影响，金属铯的产量较为有限。铯可应用于热离子功率转换器，可直接在核反应堆内部或利用放射性衰变产生的热量进行发电。铯在空气中会发生自发反应，因此难以直接处理。若金属样品的表面积足够大，铯可燃烧生成超氧化物，超氧化铯的色泽更偏红。铯是最具正电性与碱性的元素，因此相较于其他所有元素，铯更易失去价层单电子，可与几乎所有无机及有机阴离子形成离子键。铷与铯可按任意比例互溶，且具有完全的固溶性。温度（摄氏度），动力粘度（克每米每秒） 50 0.598 100 0.469 150 0.389 200 0.334 250 0.294 300 0.264 350 0.24 400 0.221 450 0.206 500 0.192 550 0.181 600 0.171 650 0.163 700 0.156 750 0.149 800 0.143 850 0.138 900 0.134 950 0.129 1000 0.125 1050 0.122 1100 0.119 1150 0.116 1200 0.113 1250 0.11 1300 0.108 1350 0.106 1400 0.104 1450 0.102 1500 0.1 1550 0.098 1600 0.097 1650 0.095 1700 0.094 1750 0.092 1800 0.091 1850 0.090 1900 0.089 1950 0.088 2000 0.086 贡献者：陈俊杰，ORCID：0000-0001-5055-4309，电子邮箱：komcjj@gmail.com，河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院能源与动力工程系，中国河南省焦作市世纪大道2000号，454000

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