Data_Sheet_1_Assessment of Dietary and Lifestyle Responses After COVID-19 Vaccine Availability in Selected Arab Countries.docx

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has been consistently associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and dietary practices. This study aimed to assess the dietary and lifestyle behaviors of adults after COVID-19 vaccine availability and their attitude toward the vaccine in selected Arab countries.
MethodsA cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted between October 2021 and December 2021 using Google Forms (n = 2259). A multi-component questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine, and behavioral, dietary, and lifestyle responses after easing the restriction. Participants were given a score based on the sum of positive dietary and lifestyle changes. The generalized linear models were used to identify the association between positive dietary and lifestyle changes score and sociodemographic characteristics.
ResultsWeight gain during the pandemic was reported by 39.5% of the participants, 36.1% reported ever getting infected with the COVID-19 virus, and 85% received at least one dose of the vaccine. The key adverse reactions of the COVID-19 vaccine were fatigue, headache, and joint pain, and the main reason for vaccination was protection against infection. Most participants were concerned about the vaccine side effects (45.8%) and inadequate testing (50.7%). After easing of restriction, 54.3% of the participants reduced the frequency of disinfecting objects, and 58.3% joined social events. Most dietary and lifestyle behaviors remained unchanged after vaccine availability but there was an increase in the time spent behind the screen for work (50.1%) and entertainment (42.9%). The results of the multivariate regression analyses revealed that older participants (p = 0.001), those with higher education (p = 0.010), and those working from home (p = 0.040) were more likely to have higher positive dietary and lifestyle changes scores.
ConclusionAlthough most participants were concerned about vaccine safety, low vaccine hesitancy rates were observed among the study sample. The availability of the COVID-19 vaccines resulted in loosening some of the safety social measures among Arab adults but the negative impact of the pandemic on dietary and lifestyle behaviors remained unaltered.

背景：新冠疫情持续与不健康生活方式及饮食行为密切相关。本研究旨在评估特定阿拉伯国家成人在新冠疫苗获批后的饮食与生活方式行为，以及他们对新冠疫苗的态度。
方法：本研究于2021年10月至2021年12月期间开展，采用横断面调查设计，通过谷歌表单（Google Forms）共回收有效问卷2259份。研究使用多维度问卷收集受试者的社会人口学特征、对新冠疫苗的态度，以及防疫限制放宽后的行为、饮食与生活方式相关应答情况。根据受试者积极饮食与生活方式改变的总项数进行评分，采用广义线性模型（Generalized Linear Models）分析该评分与社会人口学特征之间的关联。
结果：39.5%的受试者报告疫情期间体重增加，36.1%的受试者曾感染新冠病毒，85%的受试者至少接种1剂新冠疫苗。新冠疫苗的主要不良反应为疲劳、头痛与关节痛，接种疫苗的主要目的为预防感染。多数受试者担忧疫苗不良反应（45.8%）与疫苗临床试验不足（50.7%）。防疫限制放宽后，54.3%的受试者减少了物品消毒频率，58.3%的受试者参与社交活动。疫苗获批后，多数饮食与生活方式行为未发生明显改变，但用于工作（50.1%）与娱乐（42.9%）的屏幕使用时长有所增加。多元回归分析结果显示，年龄较大的受试者（p=0.001）、受教育程度较高的受试者（p=0.010）以及居家办公的受试者（p=0.040）更易获得更高的积极饮食与生活方式改变评分。
结论：尽管多数受试者担忧疫苗安全性，但本研究样本中的疫苗犹豫率较低。新冠疫苗的获批使得阿拉伯国家成人放松了部分社交防疫安全措施，但疫情对饮食与生活方式行为的负面影响并未得到改善。