Do biological maturity and performance influence the training load of track and field athletes?

Abstract It is necessary to clarify if BM and track and field performance can modulate the perception about RPE-session. The purpose of the present study was to verify if biological maturity and track and field-specific performance can be associated with training load (RPE-session method). Seventy-five young athletes (13-15 years old) of both genders participated in the present study. The experimental protocol lasted seven consecutive days. Performance tests (75-m running, long jump, 250-m running, shot put and 1000-m running) were made on the first day. After 48 hours, five days of track and field training it was prescribed, each day represents a training of each performance test. All training sessions had the same duration (120 min). The value of the training load was obtained multiplying the RPE value with training session duration (in minutes). For girls, the training load of 250-m training was correlated with biological maturity (r = -0.36, p = 0.02, n = 37) and specific performance (r = 0.33, p = 0.04, n = 37). All other analyzes indicate that biological maturity and track and field-specific performance do not influence the training load based on RPE-session method. Training load based on RPE-session is not influenced by biological maturity and track and field-specific performance, therefore can be used to control the training load of young track and field athletes. To girls it is necessary a care to control the training sessions intensity of 250-m running.

摘要 本研究旨在明确生物成熟度（Biological Maturity，BM）与田径专项表现能否调节对会话自觉劳累分级（RPE-session）的感知。本研究旨在验证生物成熟度与田径专项表现是否与训练负荷（会话自觉劳累分级法）相关。本研究共纳入75名年龄介于13至15岁的青年田径运动员，涵盖男女两性。实验方案连续实施7天。实验首日完成五项专项能力测试：75米跑、跳远、250米跑、铅球及1000米跑。间隔48小时后，开展为期5天的田径专项训练，每日训练分别对应前述一项专项测试项目。所有训练课的时长均保持一致，为120分钟。训练负荷值通过自觉劳累分级评分与训练时长（单位：分钟）的乘积计算得到。针对女性运动员，250米跑训练的训练负荷与生物成熟度（r=-0.36，p=0.02，n=37）及专项表现（r=0.33，p=0.04，n=37）均存在显著相关性。其余所有分析结果均表明，生物成熟度与田径专项表现不会对基于会话自觉劳累分级法的训练负荷产生影响。基于会话自觉劳累分级法的训练负荷不受生物成熟度与田径专项表现的影响，因此可用于调控青年田径运动员的训练负荷。针对女性运动员，需格外注意管控250米跑训练课的训练强度。