Heavy metals in the São Mateus Stream Basin, Peixe River Basin, Paraiba do Sul River Basin, Brazil

Abstract Large-scale enterprises with high potential to pollute need to be licensed, properly supervised and monitored during and after their operations to avoid and/or mitigate impacts in their areas of influence. The São Mateus Stream Basin (SMSB), located in rural area of Juiz de Fora (MG), is impacted by several activities, highlighting a deactivated landfill and an industrial park. This study monitored the concentration of heavy metals in the waters of the main tributaries of the SMSB. Strategic points were selected in each sub-basin, before the mouth and meeting of the Bocaina, Salvaterra and São Mateus Streams, measured monthly between January and December 2014 using the Metalyser probe, and applying the Contamination Index (CI). The CI results showed that the enterprises located in this basin, especially the Park Sul and Salvaterra Landfill in the Bocaina and Salvaterra Streams, respectively, are negatively impacting the quality of these waters. Metals such as Hg, Cu, Pb and Zn were the ones that most violated CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, directing management in order to control the sources of these metals, which are cumulative in organisms and damage the whole trophic chain. The inhabitants of this rural area are not served by any water concessionaire and make use of springs and wells below the level of these streams.

摘要：具有高污染潜力的大型企业需取得合法许可，并在运营期间及运营结束后接受规范监管与监测，以规避或减缓其影响范围内的环境负面影响。位于巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州茹伊斯迪福拉乡村区域的圣马特乌斯溪流流域（São Mateus Stream Basin, SMSB）受到多项人类活动干扰，其中以一处已封场填埋场与一处工业园区的影响最为突出。本研究针对SMSB主要支流的水体重金属浓度开展监测：在各子流域内博卡伊纳河、萨尔瓦泰拉河与圣马特乌斯河的汇口及河口上游区域选取战略监测点位，于2014年1月至12月期间每月采用Metalyser探针进行现场检测，并运用污染指数（Contamination Index, CI）开展污染评估。污染指数分析结果显示，该流域内的相关企业——尤其是分别坐落于博卡伊纳河与萨尔瓦泰拉河沿岸的苏尔工业园（Park Sul）与萨尔瓦泰拉填埋场——对流域水体质量造成了显著负面影响。汞（Hg）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）与锌（Zn）这几种重金属的浓度最为显著地超出了巴西国家环境委员会（CONAMA）第357/2005号决议规定的限值，相关管控工作需重点针对这类可在生物体内累积并破坏整条食物链的重金属污染源开展。该乡村区域未接入任何供水特许经营服务商的供水管网，居民仅依靠位于上述溪流水位以下的泉水与浅井获取用水。