Replication data for: Tasks and Black-white Inequality over the Long Twentieth Century

Replication package for "Tasks and Black-white Inequality over the Long Twentieth Century"<br><br>We present new evidence on the long-run evolution of occupational task content by race in the United States from 1900 to 2021. Black men began the transition to better-paid, cognitively intensive jobs at least a generation after white men and were instead concentrated in physically intensive jobs. Substantial convergence with white workers occurred only after 1960. Longitudinal data suggest that transitions to new task content were racially biased: Black men moved to jobs with lower rewarded task content than white men, conditional on initial task content, though these gaps decreased after World War II. Routine-intensive Black workers were less likely to move up into nonroutine analytic work compared with white workers in both historical and modern periods. The results suggest that task displacement shocks, such as the automation of routine manual work, widened Black-white inequality throughout the twentieth century, and these differential transitions remain a reason why labor market outcomes have not fully converged.

《二十世纪长时段职业任务与黑白种族不平等》复刻数据集包

本研究提供了1900年至2021年美国按种族划分的职业任务内容长期演变的全新实证证据。美国黑人男性向高薪、认知密集型职业的转型，至少比白人男性晚了整整一代人的时间，且长期集中于体力密集型岗位。直至1960年之后，二者的职业任务结构才出现显著趋同。纵向数据显示，向新型职业任务内容的转型存在种族偏向：在初始职业任务内容相同的前提下，黑人男性转入的岗位所对应的任务回报水平仍低于白人男性，尽管这一差距在第二次世界大战后有所收窄。无论是在历史时期还是现代，从事常规密集型工作的黑人男性，相较于白人男性，更难晋升至非常规分析型岗位。研究结果表明，职业任务替代冲击（如常规体力工作的自动化）在整个二十世纪拉大了黑人群体与白人群体间的职业与收入不平等，而这种转型差异至今仍是劳动力市场成果未能完全趋同的原因之一。