Summary of training frameworks and constructs.

Despite the knowledge that many individuals who die by suicide have contact with a health professional a short time prior to their death, the delivery and quality of clinical care is reportedly variable. Those affected by suicide have reported poor management of suicidal behavior, noting that many health professionals lack an understanding of, and carry negative attitudes toward suicidality. Though quality crisis care and follow-up treatment have shown to reduce the frequency of repeated suicide attempts, organizational barriers and lack of appropriate training mean these are not always provided. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence on suicide prevention training delivered to allied health professionals within healthcare environments. A scoping review of empirical research on the topic was undertaken using the JBI methodological framework, followed by a content synthesis of the evidence to explore the key characteristics of training and their outcomes. The databases included in the search were MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCHinfo, Scopus, and Embase. Final search and extraction from all databases were conducted on the same day in April 2021 and repeated in July 2023. The extracted data was collated and presented in tabular form to facilitate analysis. The review identified 33 relevant articles. The evidence base was largely heterogenous, involving a wide range of training types and underpinning frameworks. The measurement tools used to assess effectiveness of training were mostly not validated, with predominant use of short-term pre-post measures frequently based on perceptions of change rather than objective measures of behavior change. Significantly, evidence presented was generally weak and inconsistent between studies. This review highlighted significant gaps in current knowledge within the field of suicide prevention training delivered to allied health professionals. Investing in efficacious training and professional development opportunities is key to building the capacity to reduce suicide mortality in our community.

尽管已有研究证实，多数自杀身亡者在离世前不久曾与医疗专业人员有过接触，但临床诊疗服务的供给与质量仍参差不齐。受自杀事件影响的个体反馈称，自身的自杀行为未得到妥善处理，并指出多数医疗专业人员对自杀倾向（suicidality）缺乏了解，且对自杀相关议题持有负面态度。尽管高质量的危机干预与后续治疗已被证实可降低自杀未遂的复发率，但由于存在组织层面的障碍以及专业培训的缺失，此类服务往往难以得到充分落实。本综述旨在针对医疗场景下面向辅助医疗专业人员（allied health professionals）的自杀预防培训相关证据进行整合分析。本研究采用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute, JBI）方法学框架开展了本领域的实证研究范围综述，并通过对证据的内容综合分析，探究了此类培训的核心特征与实施效果。本次检索涵盖的数据库包括MEDLINE、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Scopus及Embase。所有数据库的最终检索与文献提取工作均于2021年4月的同一天完成，并于2023年7月进行了重复检索与提取。提取得到的数据经整理后以表格形式呈现，以便开展分析工作。本综述共纳入33篇相关文献。现有证据基础整体异质性较强，涵盖了多种不同的培训类型与支撑性理论框架。用于评估培训效果的测量工具大多未经过效度验证，主流采用的短期前后测工具往往基于自我感知的变化，而非行为改变的客观衡量指标。尤为关键的是，现有证据整体质量较弱，且不同研究间的结论存在不一致性。本综述揭示了当前辅助医疗专业人员自杀预防培训领域中存在的显著知识空白。投入资源开展高效能的培训与专业发展项目，是提升社区自杀防控能力、降低自杀死亡率的核心举措。