<b>The effects, patterns, and predictors of phosphorus addition on terrestrial litter decomposition</b> rraw data.xlsx

Anthropogenic phosphorus (P) input profoundly affects carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems, which poses a threat to soil health and nutrient sustainability. Litter decomposition is crucial for maintaining soil C and nutrient pools, yet there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the effects of anthropogenic P input on terrestrial litter decomposition.To address this, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 731 observations from 261 field studies to investigate the impact of P addition on litter decomposition. Our analysis revealed that P addition increased the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) during decomposition. This increase in enzyme activity accelerated the degradation of lignin and cellulose and the release of litter C and nitrogen (N). Ultimately, this resulted in a 6.42% increase in litter mass loss. The positive effect of P addition on litter mass loss was further amplified when combined with N addition. The effects of P addition on litter decomposition varied depending on P fertilizer type (e.g., Ca(H2PO4)2, NaH2PO4, and KH2PO4), P addition level (e.g., &lt;5, 5-10, and &gt;10 g P m-2 year-1), experimental duration (e.g., &lt;12, 12-24, and &gt;24 months), and ecosystem type. Model selection analysis indicated that soil pH was the primary predictor driving global-scale litter decomposition in response to P addition. In conclusion, P addition overall accelerated litter decomposition due to increased activities of BG and NAG. However, the patterns varied with N availability, P fertilizer type, P addition level, experimental duration, and ecosystem type. Future studies should thus consider the effects, patterns, and drivers of P addition on litter decomposition when guiding sustainable practices in nutrient management.

人为磷（P）输入显著影响陆地生态系统中的碳（C）和养分动态，对土壤健康和养分可持续性构成威胁。凋落物分解对于维持土壤碳库和养分库至关重要，但关于人为磷输入对陆地凋落物分解的影响仍存在显著知识空白。为填补这一空白，我们对来自261项田间研究的731个观测数据进行了全球元分析，以探究磷添加对凋落物分解的影响。分析结果显示，磷添加提高了分解过程中β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）和β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖胺酶（NAG）的活性。酶活性的提升加速了木质素和纤维素的降解，以及凋落物碳和氮（N）的释放，最终导致凋落物质量损失增加了6.42%。当磷添加与氮添加结合时，其对凋落物质量损失的积极效应进一步增强。磷添加对凋落物分解的影响因磷肥类型（如Ca(H₂PO₄)₂、NaH₂PO₄和KH₂PO₄）、磷添加水平（如<5、5-10和>10 g P m⁻² year⁻¹）、实验持续时间（如<12、12-24和>24个月）以及生态系统类型而异。模型选择分析表明，土壤pH值是驱动全球尺度下凋落物分解对磷添加响应的主要预测因子。综上，由于BG和NAG活性的提升，磷添加总体上加速了凋落物分解；然而，其模式因氮有效性、磷肥类型、磷添加水平、实验持续时间和生态系统类型而异。因此，未来研究在指导养分管理的可持续实践时，应考虑磷添加对凋落物分解的效应、模式及驱动因素。