Female medical leadership: cross sectional study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between male and female medical leadership. DESIGN: Cross sectional study on predictive factors for female medical leadership with data on sex, age, specialty, and occupational status of Norwegian physicians. SETTING: Oslo, Norway. SUBJECTS: 13 844 non-retired Norwegian physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Medical leaders, defined as physicians holding a leading position in hospital medicine, public health, academic medicine, or private health care. RESULTS: 14.6% (95% confidence interval 14.0% to 15.4%) of the men were leaders compared with 5.1% (4.4% to 5.9%) of the women. Adjusted for age men had a higher estimated probability of leadership in all categories of age and job, the highest being in academic medicine with 0.57 (0.42 to 0.72) for men aged over 54 years compared with 0.39 (0.21 to 0.63) for women in the same category. Among female hospital physicians there was a positive relation between the proportion of women in their specialty and the probability of leadership. CONCLUSION: Women do not reach senior positions as easily as men. Medical specialties with high proportions of women have more female leaders.

研究目的：旨在评估男女医学领导力的相关性。
研究设计：本研究为一项针对女性医学领导力预测因素的横断面研究（cross-sectional study），纳入挪威医师的性别、年龄、专业及职业状态相关数据。
研究场景：挪威奥斯陆。
研究对象：13844名未退休的挪威医师。
主要结局指标：医学领导者，指在医院医学（hospital medicine）、公共卫生、学术医学或私立医疗保健机构担任领导职务的医师。
研究结果：男性医师中14.6%（95%置信区间（confidence interval）14.0%~15.4%）为医学领导者，女性医师占比为5.1%（95%置信区间4.4%~5.9%）。校正年龄因素后，各年龄组与职业类别的男性均具有更高的领导力预估概率；其中54岁以上群体在学术医学领域的领导力预估概率最高，男性为0.57（95%置信区间0.42~0.72），同年龄段女性的对应值为0.39（95%置信区间0.21~0.63）。在女性医院医师中，所在专业的女性占比与领导力获得概率呈正相关。
研究结论：女性晋升至高级管理职位的难度显著高于男性；女性占比较高的医学专业中，女性领导者的占比同样更高。