Table 3_Exploring the restorativeness of different hydrodynamic landscapes in world natural heritage sites.docx

Audiovisual environmental perception has been the focus of numerous empirical studies. This study employs virtual reality (VR) to explore how different hydrodynamic waterscapes in Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Site affect physiological and psychological restoration in youth. According to the results, audiovisual interactions, particularly with water sounds and birdsongs, significantly enhance physiological restoration compared to visuals alone. High-intensity hydrodynamic landscapes, regardless of birdsongs, exhibit the highest physiological restoration. There is a linearly positive correlation between physiological restorativeness and hydrodynamic landscapes. Medium-intensity hydrodynamic landscapes with rich forms are most psychologically restorative. In low-medium-intensity settings, visuals contribute more to psychological restoration than soundscapes. It is further found that waterscapes rich in flora and fauna feature a higher level of biodiversity. In the waterscapes with both elements of vegetation and water, the restorativeness of plant and animal resources is greater than that of water. This work highlights the need to focus on the application of different hydrodynamic landscapes in urban areas and the conservation of World Heritage Sites.

视听环境感知（Audiovisual environmental perception）始终是诸多实证研究的核心关注方向。本研究采用虚拟现实（Virtual Reality, VR）技术，探究九寨沟世界自然遗产地内不同水动力水景（hydrodynamic waterscapes）对青年人身心恢复的影响。研究结果表明，相较于仅呈现视觉景观，视听联动（尤其是搭配水声与鸟鸣声）可显著提升生理恢复（physiological restoration）效果；无论是否伴随鸟鸣声，高强度水动力景观均能带来最优的生理恢复水平，且生理恢复度与水动力景观强度呈线性正相关关系。形态丰富的中强度水动力景观则最利于心理恢复（psychological restoration）；在中低强度的景观环境中，视觉元素相较于声景（soundscapes）对心理恢复的促进作用更为显著。进一步研究发现，动植物资源丰富的水景具备更高的生物多样性（biodiversity）水平；在兼具植被与水体元素的水景中，动植物资源带来的恢复效应优于单纯水体。本研究强调，需重视不同水动力景观在城市空间中的应用，以及世界遗产地的保护工作。