DataSheet_1_Transcriptomic analysis of effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene treatment on kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) ripening.zip

Ethylene (ET) is a gaseous phytohormone with a crucial role in the ripening of many fruits, including kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). Meanwhile, treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an artificial ET inhibitor delays the ripening of kiwifruit. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ET and 1-MCP application during time-course storage of kiwifruit. In addition, we aimed to elucidate the molecular details underlying ET-mediated ripening process in kiwifruit. For this purpose, we conducted a time-course transcriptomic analysis to determine target genes of the ET-mediated maturation process in kiwifruit during storage. Thousands of genes were identified to be dynamically changed during storage and clustered into 20 groups based on the similarity of their expression patterns. Gene ontology analysis using the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1-MCP-treated kiwifruit revealed that the identified DEGs were significantly enriched in the processes of photosynthesis metabolism and cell wall composition throughout the ripening process. Meanwhile, ET treatment rapidly triggered secondary metabolisms related to the ripening process, phenylpropanoid (e.g. lignin) metabolism, and the biosynthesis of amino acids (e.g. Phe, Cys) in kiwifruit. It was demonstrated that ET biosynthesis and signaling genes were oppositely affected by ET and 1-MCP treatment during ripening. Furthermore, we identified a ET transcription factor, AcEIL (Acc32482) which is oppositely responsive by ET and 1-MCP treatment during early ripening, potentially one of key signaling factor of ET- or 1-MCP-mediated physiological changes. Therefore, this transcriptomic study unveiled the molecular targets of ET and its antagonist, 1-MCP, in kiwifruit during ripening. Our results provide a useful foundation for understanding the molecular details underlying the ripening process in kiwifruit.

乙烯（Ethylene，ET）是一种气态植物激素，在猕猴桃（Actinidia spp.）等多种果实的成熟进程中发挥关键调控作用。人工合成的乙烯抑制剂1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene，1-MCP）处理可延缓猕猴桃的成熟过程。本研究旨在探究乙烯与1-MCP在猕猴桃时序贮藏过程中的应用效应，并解析乙烯介导的猕猴桃成熟分子机制。为此，我们开展了时序转录组分析，以鉴定贮藏期内乙烯介导的猕猴桃成熟过程的靶标基因。研究发现，数千个基因在贮藏过程中呈动态表达模式，并根据其表达谱相似度被划分为20个基因簇。对1-MCP处理组的差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes，DEGs）进行基因本体（Gene Ontology，GO）富集分析结果显示，在整个成熟进程中，这些DEGs显著富集于光合作用代谢与细胞壁组成相关通路。与此同时，乙烯处理可快速激活猕猴桃成熟相关的次级代谢、苯丙烷类（如木质素）代谢以及氨基酸（如苯丙氨酸Phe、半胱氨酸Cys）的生物合成过程。研究表明，乙烯的生物合成与信号通路基因在果实成熟过程中受乙烯与1-MCP处理的反向调控。此外，我们鉴定到一个乙烯转录因子AcEIL（Acc32482），其在成熟早期对乙烯与1-MCP处理呈反向响应，可能是乙烯或1-MCP介导的生理变化的关键信号因子之一。综上，本转录组研究揭示了猕猴桃成熟过程中乙烯及其拮抗剂1-MCP的分子靶标，研究结果为解析猕猴桃成熟进程的分子机制提供了重要的理论基础。