Bone health education programs for older people: an integrative review

Abstract Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density. The dissemination of knowledge about the disease can be a viable alternative for promoting preventive behavior and self-care. This study sought to identify the main characteristics of bone health programs for older persons. We conducted an integrative review, searching for studies published between 2011 and 2022 in the CAPES periodicals database, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar using English descriptors. A total of 10,093 studies were retrieved, seven of which were selected after applying the inclusion criteria. The findings show that bone health education programs aim to empower older people by increasing knowledge about the disease and raising awareness about calcium and vitamin D intake, osteoporosis medications, and the importance of changing habits and exercise. Programs generally consist of group or individual meetings, with sessions lasting 50 to 60 minutes. Class sizes may be limited or unrestricted. Follow-up during the educational process was also found to be important. Tailoring topics to the reality and interests of participants appears to be another positive way of promoting the adoption of self-care practices.

摘要：骨质疏松症（Osteoporosis）是一种以骨矿物质密度降低为特征的全身性疾病。普及该疾病相关知识，可作为推广预防行为与自我照护的可行路径。本研究旨在明确针对老年人群的骨骼健康项目的核心特征。本研究采用整合性综述研究方法，以英文检索词为检索式，检索了2011年至2022年间发表于CAPES期刊数据库、Web of Science、PubMed及Google Scholar的相关研究。最终共检索得到10093项研究，经纳入标准筛选后最终纳入7项。研究结果显示，骨骼健康教育项目旨在通过提升老年人群对该疾病的认知，强化其对钙与维生素D摄入、骨质疏松症治疗药物、改变生活习惯及运动重要性的重视程度，以此赋能老年群体。此类项目通常以团体或一对一授课形式开展，单节课程时长为50至60分钟。课程参与人数可设限或无限制。研究同时发现，教育过程中的随访环节至关重要。根据参与者的实际情况与兴趣调整课程主题，亦是推动其践行自我照护行为的有效方式。