Data_Sheet_1_Workplace aggression against healthcare workers in a Spanish healthcare institution between 2019 and 2021: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.PDF

ObjectivesDescribe the incidence of first aggressions among healthcare workers (HCWs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Spanish healthcare institution, according to workers' socio-occupational characteristics and analyze the impact of the pandemic on it.
MethodsA cohort involving HCWs who worked in the institution for at least 1 week each year from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) were estimated using generalized estimating equations and negative binomial models to calculate the differences in WPA between the different time periods. All analyses were stratified by gender.
ResultsAmong women, the incidence was 6.8% (6.0; 7.8) during the pre-COVID-19 period, 6.0% (5.2; 7.0) during the COVID-19 baseline and 5.1% (4.3; 5.9) during the COVID-19 endline; and 4.6% (3.4; 6.1), 5.3% (4.1; 6.8) and 4.4% (3.5; 5.8), respectively, among men. Among men, the incidence of WPA was 4.6 (3.4; 6.1), 5.3 (4.1; 6.8), and 4.4% (3.5; 5.8), respectively. These incidences were significantly higher among male nurses and aides [11.1 (8.0; 15.4), 12.3 (8.9; 16.6), and 9.3% (6.5; 13.3) during each period] and psychiatric center workers [women: 14.7 (11.2; 19.0), 15.4 (11.8; 19.8), and 12.4% (9.2; 16.6); men: 12.3 (7.2; 20.0), 17.8 (11.6; 26.2), and 14.3% (8.8; 22.4)]. Among women, the risk of WPA was 23% lower in the post-COVID-19 period compared to before the pandemic [aRR = 0.77 (0.64; 0.93)], while the risk during the COVID-19 baseline was not significantly different [aRR = 0.89 (0.74; 1.06)].
ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic led to an unexpected decrease in first-time WPA against HCWs. However, ~5% of HCWs experienced at least one incidence of aggression in the last follow-up year. Healthcare managers should continue to increase the prevention of aggression against HCWs, especially among vulnerable groups with a higher level of incidence.

**研究目的**：明确西班牙某医疗机构内医护人员（healthcare workers, HCWs）在新冠肺炎疫情暴发前及疫情期间的首次职场暴力侵害发生率，结合医护人员的社会职业特征展开分析，并探究疫情对该发生率的影响。

**研究方法**：本研究纳入2019年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间，于该医疗机构每年累计工作至少1周的医护人员作为研究队列。采用广义估计方程与负二项模型估算校正相对风险（adjusted relative risks, aRR），以比较不同时段的职场暴力侵害（WPA）发生率差异；所有分析均按性别进行分层。

**研究结果**：女性医护人员中，新冠肺炎疫情前的首次职场暴力侵害发生率为6.8%（95%置信区间：6.0~7.8），疫情基线期为6.0%（5.2~7.0），疫情末期为5.1%（4.3~5.9）；男性医护人员对应发生率分别为4.6%（3.4~6.1）、5.3%（4.1~6.8）及4.4%（3.5~5.8）。亚组分析显示，男性护理人员及护工的职场暴力侵害发生率在三个时段分别为11.1%（8.0~15.4）、12.3%（8.9~16.6）及9.3%（6.5~13.3）；精神卫生中心工作人员中，女性对应发生率分别为14.7%（11.2~19.0）、15.4%（11.8~19.8）及12.4%（9.2~16.6），男性则分别为12.3%（7.2~20.0）、17.8%（11.6~26.2）及14.3%（8.8~22.4）。与疫情前相比，女性医护人员在疫情后阶段的职场暴力侵害风险降低23%（校正相对风险aRR=0.77，95%置信区间：0.64~0.93），而疫情基线期的风险差异无统计学意义（aRR=0.89，95%置信区间：0.74~1.06）。

**研究结论**：新冠肺炎疫情导致针对医护人员的首次职场暴力侵害发生率出现了意料之外的下降。但在随访的最后一年，仍有约5%的医护人员遭遇过至少1次职场暴力侵害。医疗机构管理者应持续加强针对医护人员的暴力侵害防控工作，尤其需重点关注发生率较高的弱势群体。