Bioethical dilemmas in the medical care of pregnant teenagers

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify and to discuss some bioethical aspects involved in medical assistance to pregnant teenagers. Through Integrative Review, it was selected two articles tackling the same chosen theme, contained in the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Virtual Health Library) and published between 2010 and 2015. Based on researches, there was a significant decrease in the number of births among adolescents in the last five years. However, the indices are still worrying. As a result, it was found two alternatives in the relationship between doctor and pregnant teenagers: medical ethics and induced abortion, it having the autonomy and not-malfeasance as bioethical dilemmas. The Bioethics provides systematic reflections in the sense of involving the professionals of health and education in sexual and reproductive health and providing assistance tothe young woman, in which preventive measures of an unwanted pregnancy avoid the Incidence of unsafe abortion and, consequently, avoid them to look for clandestine services.

摘要：本研究旨在识别并探讨针对未成年孕妇的医疗救助中涉及的若干生命伦理（bioethical）议题。本研究采用整合性综述（Integrative Review）方法，从虚拟健康图书馆（Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Virtual Health Library）中筛选出2010至2015年间发表的2篇聚焦同一主题的文献。基于现有研究，近五年来青少年群体的分娩数量已出现显著下降，但相关指标仍令人担忧。据此，研究发现医患关系中针对未成年孕妇存在两种应对路径：生命伦理与人工流产（induced abortion），其中自主权与不伤害原则构成了核心生命伦理困境。生命伦理学（bioethics）旨在开展系统性反思，推动卫生与教育领域从业者参与性与生殖健康工作，并为未成年女性提供救助支持；通过采取非意愿妊娠的预防性措施，可降低不安全人工流产的发生率，进而避免其寻求地下非法诊疗服务。