Table2_Gentrification and its association with health inequalities in Barcelona (2011–2017).docx

BackgroundPrior studies have reported conflicting findings on the impact of gentrification of neighborhood residents. While some suggest it could worsen mental health, others indicate improved self-perceived health, although this effect may vary among social groups. This study aimed to determine health inequities, according to socioeconomic position, among residents of different neighborhoods of Barcelona between 2011 and 2017, considering the intensity of the gentrification process.
MethodsObservational study with two transversal cuts (2011 and 2017). Neighborhoods were categorized into three groups based on the intensity of gentrification: intensive, moderate-mild, and no gentrification processes. We fitted Poisson robust models to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) of poor self-reported and poor mental health according to socioeconomic position (social class III vs. I). We then calculated relative differences between 2011 and 2017 through the interaction between the year and socioeconomic position (PRi). The calculations were adjusted for age and household disposable income in the neighborhood and were stratified by sex.
ResultsIn neighborhoods undergoing moderate or mild gentrification during the study period, we found widening inequities in mental health between the most disadvantaged social class and the most privileged social class. Between 2011 and 2017, relative differences in poor mental health increased in moderate-low gentrification neighborhoods [women: PRi: 2.51 (1.52–4.17); men: PRi: 1.99 (1.09–3.61)], equivalent to an increase of 12.9 and 11.5 percentage points, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the other neighborhoods.
DiscussionThe increase in mental health inequalities observed among residents of transitional neighborhoods could be explained by factors such as residential insecurity, eviction from the neighborhood, and rising housing prices.

背景 既往研究针对社区绅士化（gentrification）对居民的影响得出了相互矛盾的结论：部分研究认为其会加重居民的心理健康损害，而另有研究则指出其可改善居民的自我感知健康状况，不过该效应在不同社会群体中存在差异。本研究旨在考量绅士化进程的强度，明确2011至2017年间巴塞罗那不同社区居民中，基于社会经济地位（socioeconomic position）划分的健康不公平性。
方法 本研究为采用两次横断面调查（2011年与2017年）的观察性研究。依据绅士化强度将社区划分为三类：高强度绅士化、中低强度绅士化以及无绅士化社区。我们采用泊松稳健模型，依据社会经济地位（以社会阶层III与I作为划分标准）估算自我报告健康状况不佳与心理健康状况不佳的患病率比（prevalence ratio, PR）。随后通过年份与社会经济地位的交互项（PRi）计算2011年至2017年的相对差异。上述分析均针对年龄、社区家庭可支配收入进行校正，并按性别分层。
结果 在本研究期间经历中低强度绅士化的社区中，我们发现社会最弱势群体与最优势群体之间的心理健康不公平性呈扩大趋势。2011年至2017年间，中低强度绅士化社区的心理健康状况不佳的相对差异有所上升[女性：PRi=2.51（95%置信区间：1.52~4.17）；男性：PRi=1.99（95%置信区间：1.09~3.61）]，分别相当于增加了12.9和11.5个百分点。其余社区未观察到具有统计学意义的差异。
讨论 转型社区居民中观察到的心理健康不公平性加剧，可通过居住不安全感、社区驱逐以及房价上涨等因素加以解释。