Table_2_The reward and punishment responsivity and motivation questionnaire (RPRM-Q): A stimulus-independent self-report measure of reward and punishment sensitivity that differentiates between responsivity and motivation.DOCX

Reward and punishment sensitivity seem important traits in understanding behavior in general and psychopathology in particular. Though the definitions used for reward and punishment sensitivity differentiate between responsivity and motivation, the measures thus far used to assess these constructs do not. Further, specificity of the type of reward (e.g., drugs) and punishment (e.g., spiders) in questionnaires might result in measurement bias especially when examining the relationship with psychopathology. Therefore, we developed a stimulus-independent multidimensional questionnaire of reward and punishment sensitivity that differentiates between responsivity and motivation. This study addresses the psychometric qualities of this newly developed reward and punishment responsivity and motivation questionnaire (RPRM-Q). On the basis of exploratory ordinal factor analysis (N = 273) that was used to examine the quality of the initial pool of 39 items, the number of items was reduced to 18. Confirmatory ordinal factor analysis on the remaining items in an independent sample (N = 328) supported a 18-item four-factor model, and showed acceptable to good internal reliability. The relationship between the subscales of the RPRM-Q and often used questionnaires was examined in the combined sample (N = 601), which showed some first support for the ability of the new questionnaire to differentiate between responsivity and motivation to approach/avoid. The findings indicate that the RPRM-Q might be a helpful instrument to further test the relevance of punishment and reward sensitivity in psychopathology.

奖赏敏感性与惩罚敏感性是理解一般性行为，尤其是精神病理现象的关键特质。尽管现有对奖赏与惩罚敏感性的定义已区分出反应性与动机性，但迄今用于评估这两类构念的测评工具却未做到这一点。此外，问卷中对奖赏（如药物）与惩罚（如蜘蛛）类型的特异性限定，可能引发测量偏差，尤其是在考察其与精神病理现象的关联时。因此，本研究团队开发了一款不依赖特定刺激的多维度奖赏与惩罚敏感性问卷，该问卷可区分反应性与动机性。本研究针对这款新开发的奖赏惩罚反应性与动机性问卷（Reward and Punishment Responsivity and Motivation Questionnaire，RPRM-Q）的心理测量学特征展开分析。基于对初始39个题项池的质量检验所开展的探索性序次因素分析（N=273），题项数量被缩减至18个。在独立样本（N=328）中对剩余题项开展的验证性序次因素分析结果支持18题项四因素模型，且显示出可接受至良好的内部一致性信度。在合并样本（N=601）中，本研究检验了RPRM-Q各分量表与常用问卷间的关联，结果首次为新问卷区分趋近/回避的反应性与动机性的能力提供了初步支持证据。研究结果表明，RPRM-Q可作为一款有用的工具，用于进一步检验奖赏与惩罚敏感性在精神病理现象中的相关性。