Genomic and functional evidence reveals convergent evolution in fishes on the Tibetan Plateau（基因组和功能证据揭示了趋同进化青藏高原的鱼类）

我们对西藏鱼类和来自低海拔的鱼类并检测到趋同进化的基因组特征青藏高原的鱼类。 西藏鱼类表现出全基因组加速与一组来自低海拔的对照鱼类相比，进化速度较慢。 总计在西藏鱼类中鉴定出 368 个正选基因，丰富的与能量代谢和缺氧反应相关的功能类别。在西藏鱼类中检测到广泛的平行氨基酸取代这些替换的一个子集发生在相关的积极选择的基因中具有高海拔适应能力。 功能分析表明 von Hippel-Lindau藏族鱼类（VHL）抑癌基因增强缺氧诱导因子与低海拔鱼类相比，缺氧条件下 HIF 活性趋于集中。 结果提供支持趋同遗传机制的基因组和功能证据青藏高原鱼类的高海拔适应。

We investigated Tibetan fish and low-altitude fish, and detected genomic signatures of convergent evolution in Tibetan Plateau fish. Tibetan fish exhibit genome-wide accelerated evolutionary rates compared to a set of control fish from low altitudes. A total of 368 positively selected genes were identified in Tibetan fish, which are enriched in functional categories related to energy metabolism and hypoxia response. Extensive parallel amino acid substitutions were detected in Tibetan fish; a subset of these substitutions occurred in positively selected genes associated with high-altitude adaptation. Functional analyses showed that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene in Tibetan fish enhances hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity under hypoxic conditions compared to low-altitude fish. These results provide genomic and functional evidence supporting convergent genetic mechanisms for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan Plateau fish.