Electrical muscular stimulation on shoulder instability: is it beneficial?

Objective:
The aim of the study to collect relevant studies that examined the effects of Electrical Muscular Stimulation (EMS) on Shoulder Instability.
Background:
The Shoulder instability is described as emerging when there are indications of shoulder laxity. The most common cause of primary shoulder dislocation in athletes is glenohumeral subluxation and dislocation. Roughly ninety-five percent of the first cases of shoulder dislocation result from an abrupt twisting motion, a forceful blow, or landing on an outstretched arm.
Methods:
The review was carried out by searching scientifically recognized medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Pedro Database, ICTRP Database and WILEY Online Library. Date restrictions were not applied.
Results:
The studies that were included demonstrated that patients with Functional Posterior Shoulder Instability who received NMES-enhanced physical therapy had a significantly better main outcome. At the 3-month follow-up, the frequency of instability episodes improved significantly in the NMES-enhanced physical therapy group, and shoulder subluxation was significantly lower in position-triggered ES than in passive ES.
Conclusion:
The posterior shoulder instability was significantly and clinically alleviated by electrical muscle stimulation. On the other hand, position-triggered electrical stimulation (ES) might be more effective than passive ES for treating poststroke shoulder subluxation.

研究目标：本研究旨在搜集探究肌肉电刺激（Electrical Muscular Stimulation，EMS）对肩关节不稳影响的相关研究。
研究背景：肩关节不稳指出现肩关节松弛征象时的病症。运动员原发性肩关节脱位最常见的病因为盂肱关节半脱位与脱位。约95%的首发肩关节脱位病例由突发扭转动作、外力撞击或伸展手臂着地引发。
研究方法：本综述通过检索PubMed、Scopus、Pedro数据库、ICTRP数据库以及WILEY在线图书馆等国际公认的医学科学数据库开展，未设置检索时间限制。
研究结果：纳入的研究结果显示，接受神经肌肉电刺激（Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation，NMES）强化物理治疗的功能性肩关节后不稳患者，其主要结局指标显著更优。在3个月随访时，神经肌肉电刺激强化物理治疗组的不稳发作频率显著改善，且位置触发式电刺激组的肩关节半脱位发生率显著低于被动式电刺激组。
研究结论：肌肉电刺激可显著改善并在临床上缓解肩关节后不稳症状。另一方面，相较于被动式电刺激，位置触发式电刺激用于治疗脑卒中后肩关节半脱位或许更为有效。