THE GENDARMERIE, SECRET POLICE, AND POLITICAL SURVEILLANCE IN THE FERGANA OBLAST UNDER RUSSIAN IMPERIAL RULE

This article examines the formation and operational structure of the imperial Russian security apparatus in the Turkestan Region, with particular focus on the Fergana Oblast, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on archival materials from the Uzbekistan National Archives (UzNA), the study traces the institutional evolution from the early gendarmerie railway directorates established in 1901 and 1905 through to the founding of the Turkestan District Security Department (TDSD) in 1907.本文旨在考察19世纪末至20世纪初沙俄突厥斯坦地区的治安机构的组建模式与运作架构，并特别聚焦于费尔干纳州（Fergana Oblast）。本研究依托乌兹别克斯坦国家档案馆（Uzbekistan National Archives, UzNA）藏档案资料，梳理了该地区治安机构从1901年、1905年设立的早期铁路宪兵总局，直至1907年突厥斯坦地区治安署（Turkestan District Security Department, TDSD）成立的完整制度演化脉络。