Análise das Mudanças no Número de Ocupados na Indústria Agroalimentar Brasileira

Starting from the perception of the Brazilian food industry (IAA) importance as a job generator, this work analyses the variations of the number of employees in this sector from 1996 to 2012. By applying the shift share analysis (SSA), it was possible to verify which effects are responsible for the changing number of employees. The effects used in this paper were provided by the most complete and modern versions of the SSA, and the national, structural market competitive and specialized competitive effects, as well as homothetic decomposition and residual of each one. This paper took into consideration Southern and Southeastern regions of Brazil, except Espírito Santo. The database was also segmented, covering sectors that compose the IAA. The results indicate that the number of employees at IAA fluctuated because of the national effect, in other words, followed the national industry’s flow without presenting any other differential in its structure or competitive strategy, which could be identified in the current analysis.

基于巴西食品工业（IAA）作为就业创造引擎的重要性认知，本研究分析了1996至2012年间该行业就业人数的变化情况。通过应用偏离份额分析（Shift Share Analysis, SSA），本研究得以验证哪些效应导致了就业人数的变化。本文采用的效应来自SSA最完整、最现代的版本，包括全国效应、结构性市场竞争效应、专业化竞争效应，以及各效应的同位分解与残差。本研究考虑了巴西南部和东南部地区（圣埃斯皮里图州除外）。数据库亦进行了细分，涵盖构成IAA的各子行业。结果表明，IAA的就业人数因全国效应而波动——换言之，其就业趋势跟随全国工业的整体走向，在结构或竞争策略方面未表现出当前分析可识别的任何差异化特征。