Technical-ministers and politician-ministers during PSDB and PT presidencies

ABSTRACT Studies on ministerial recruitment have identified the presence of professional politicians as well as technicians within the Brazilian ministerial cabinet. However, career analyses are restricted to technicians, while studies on political ministers have largely focused on party recruitment criteria. The objective of this article is twofold: to empirically demonstrate the differences and similarities between the careers of political and non-political ministers “technicians” during PSDB and PT presidential administrations between 1995 and 2014; and to explore the main aspects regarding the professionalization of politician ministers based on their experiences in elective and high-ranking positions in county and municipal administrations. The results indicate that both politicians and non-politicians have extensive professional experience, including administrative experience, although non-politicians have greater affinity with the ministerial area for which they were appointed as do ministers affiliated with the president’s party when compared to politicians of the allied base. Notwithstanding these nuances, no significant differences were found between PSDB and PT administrations regarding the expertise of their ministers.

摘要：针对部长级官员任命的相关研究已证实，巴西内阁中同时存在职业政客与技术官僚两类人员。然而，现有职业轨迹分析仅聚焦于技术型部长，而针对政治型部长的研究则大多围绕政党任命标准展开。本文兼具双重研究目标：其一，以1995年至2014年间巴西社会民主党（Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira，PSDB）与巴西劳工党（Partido dos Trabalhadores，PT）总统任期内的政治型部长与非政治型部长（技术官僚）的职业轨迹为研究对象，实证展现二者间的异同；其二，基于政治型部长在州县及市政行政体系中担任选举产生的高级职位的经历，探讨其职业专业化的核心特征。研究结果显示，两类部长均拥有丰富的职业经历，涵盖行政工作经验；不过相较于联盟阵营的政治型部长，非政治型部长与隶属于总统所在政党的部长，均与各自任命的内阁部门有着更高的契合度。尽管存在上述细微差异，但在两届政府中，其部长的专业能力并未呈现显著差异。