Rapid evolution of seed dormancy during sunflower de-domestication

Hybridization between crops and their wild relatives may promote the evolution of de-domesticated (feral) weeds. Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is typically found in ruderal environments, but crop-wild hybridization may facilitate the evolution of weedy populations. Using one crop-specific mitochondrial marker (CMS-PET1) and 14 nuclear SSR markers, we studied the origin and genetic diversity of a recently discovered weedy population of sunflower (named BRW). Then, using a resurrection approach, we tested for rapid evolution of weedy traits (seed dormancy, herbicide resistance, and competitive ability) by sampling weedy and wild populations 10 years apart (2007 and 2017). All the weedy plants present the CMS-PET1 cytotype, confirming their feral origin. At the nuclear markers, BRW showed higher genetic diversity than the cultivated lines and low differentiation with one wild population, suggesting that wild hybridization increased their genetic diversity. We found support for rapi...

作物与其野生近缘种之间的杂交可能推动去驯化（野生化，feral）杂草的进化。野生向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）通常生长于撂荒地环境，但作物-野生杂交可能促进杂草种群的进化。利用1个作物特异性线粒体标记（CMS-PET1）和14个核简单重复序列（SSR）标记，我们研究了近期发现的向日葵杂草种群（命名为BRW）的起源与遗传多样性。随后，通过复活实验法（resurrection approach），我们对间隔10年（2007年与2017年）采集的杂草及野生种群进行采样，以检测杂草性状（种子休眠性、除草剂抗性及竞争能力）的快速进化。所有杂草植株均呈现CMS-PET1细胞型，证实其野生化起源。在核标记层面，BRW种群的遗传多样性高于栽培品系，且与一个野生种群的分化程度较低，这表明野生杂交提升了其遗传多样性。我们发现有证据支持快速...