Air-ice-ocean temperature profile recorded in the landfast ice region in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, derived from Sea Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) from April to November 2021

The data recorded field observations of landfast ice thickness and air–ice–sea temperature outside Zhongshan Station in Prize Bay, East Antarctica. From April 16 to November 7, 2021, an observation station was established by the wintering team at the coastal landfast ice site, about 1 km off Zhongshan Station (69°22′ S, 76°22′ E). A set of Sea Ice Mass Balance Array (SIMBA) was deployed 90 m north from the shore, which contained 240 temperature sensors with 2 cm intervals mounted on the thermistor string. The 4.8 m long SIMBA temperature chains recorded the vertical temperature profiles of air–snow–ice–ocean every 6 hours. The SIMBA had a resolution of ±0.0625℃. The observation site is about 90 m from the shore, and the water depth is about 13 m. Variations in landfast ice thickness can be calculated from differences in air, sea ice, and ocean temperature gradients. The results showed that the sea ice temperature gradient is noticeable, ranging from 0.11℃ to 0.24℃ cm-1. The ocean temperature is stable, close to the freezing point, between -1.7℃ and -1.9℃. The landfast ice was 44 cm thick on the first observation day of 16 April, then continued to freeze from May to mid-October, and reached the maximum thickness of 142 cm on 22 October. The annual mean growth rate was 0.5±0.3 cm d-1, and the maximum daily growth rate was 1.6 cm d-1 on May 10, 2021. The results showed that the SIMBA recorded data has good quality and can be used as a basic data set for sea ice thermodynamic analysis and remote sensing verification.The data is recorded in text format (.txt). The fields include the time and temperature recorded by 240 thermistor sensors.

本数据集记录了东南极普里兹湾（Prize Bay）中山站外侧固定冰厚度与气-冰-海温度的野外观测数据。2021年4月16日至11月7日，越冬科考队在距中山站（69°22′S，76°22′E）约1公里的沿岸固定冰区域搭建观测站点。在离岸以北90米处部署了一套海冰质量平衡阵列（Sea Ice Mass Balance Array, SIMBA），该阵列的热敏电阻串上安装有240个间距为2厘米的温度传感器。总长4.8米的SIMBA温度链每6小时记录一次气-雪-冰-海体系的垂直温度剖面，其温度分辨率为±0.0625℃。本次观测站点距岸约90米，对应水深约13米。
可通过大气、海冰与海洋的温度梯度差异反演固定冰厚度的变化。观测结果显示，海冰温度梯度显著，区间为0.11℃至0.24℃·cm⁻¹；海洋温度稳定且接近冰点，介于-1.7℃至-1.9℃之间。2021年4月16日首次观测时，固定冰厚度为44厘米；5月至10月中旬海冰持续增厚，于10月22日达到最大厚度142厘米。海冰年平均生长速率为0.5±0.3 cm·d⁻¹，2021年5月10日的单日最大生长速率达1.6 cm·d⁻¹。
研究表明，SIMBA采集的数据质量优异，可作为海冰热力学分析与遥感验证的基础数据集。本数据集以文本格式（.txt）存储，字段包含240个热敏电阻传感器记录的观测时间与温度信息。