S1 Data set -

Among older adults in Japan, those requiring long-term care who use visiting nursing services have particularly poor oral health. Given the importance of oral health, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of oral health improvement interventions for such older adult patients using visiting nursing services. This study was a single-arm pilot study. The participants were those who provide oral care to older adults who use visiting nursing services, whether the patients themselves or their family members. Participants implemented oral care appropriate to the patient’s oral environment at least once a day for four weeks. Feasibility assessment consisted of the recruitment, completion, and compliance rates. Changes in the oral environment were measured using the Oral Health Assessment Tool-Japanese (OHAT-J), and changes in scores were assessed over the study period. The study was conducted across three visiting nursing stations, with 52 participants (a recruitment rate of 73.2%). Of these, 42 participants completed the final questionnaire (a completion rate of 80.8%). The compliance rate was 64.3%. The mean OHAT-J score was 4.5 (SD 2.3) pre-intervention, 3.7 (SD 2.0) at one week post-intervention, and 3.6 (SD 2.2) at four weeks post-intervention (p < 0.001), indicating a significant positive trend. The feasibility of this intervention was generally satisfactory, and the results showed that the oral environment was improved. Future studies with a larger scale and higher level of evidence should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.

在日本的老年群体中，接受上门护理服务且需要长期照护的人群，其口腔健康状况尤为不佳。鉴于口腔健康的重要性，本研究旨在针对接受上门护理服务的此类老年患者，评估口腔健康改善干预措施的可行性。本研究为单臂试点研究，参与者为向接受上门护理服务的老年群体提供口腔照护的人员，既可以是患者本人，也可以是其家属。参与者需每日至少实施一次适配患者口腔环境的口腔照护，持续四周。可行性评估指标包括招募率、完成率与依从率。本研究采用日本版口腔健康评估工具（Oral Health Assessment Tool-Japanese, OHAT-J）评估口腔环境变化，并在研究周期内对评分变化进行分析。本研究在三家上门护理站开展，共招募52名参与者，招募率为73.2%。其中42名参与者完成了最终问卷，完成率为80.8%，依从率为64.3%。干预前的OHAT-J平均得分为4.5（标准差SD=2.3），干预后1周为3.7（SD=2.0），干预后4周为3.6（SD=2.2）（p<0.001），呈现出显著的正向变化趋势。本干预措施的整体可行性良好，研究结果显示患者的口腔环境得到了改善。未来需开展更大样本量、证据等级更高的研究，以评估该干预措施的实际效果。