Indicators of complex network related features.

This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the global frozen meat trade network from 2003 to 2023 and assess both its static and dynamic structural resilience. Based on UN commodity trade data, directed weighted networks for beef, pork, mutton, and poultry are constructed. By combining complex network theory and simulation models, the static resilience is analyzed from four dimensions: transmissibility, clustering, hierarchy, and assortativity. The impact of single node failures on network performance is simulated to assess dynamic resilience. The results indicate that the global frozen meat trade network shows a trend of polarization, with China emerging as the largest import hub and Brazil becoming the dominant exporter of beef and poultry, reflecting the coexistence of regionalization and globalization. The static resilience analysis reveals that the weighted network exhibits prominent hierarchy and increased assortativity. The poultry network has the highest transmissibility, while the beef network demonstrates the strongest resilience. Interruption simulation results show that the failure of core nodes causes more significant damage to the weighted network, but the network’s overall invulnerability to disruptions has increased over time. The conclusion emphasizes that the resilience of the frozen meat trade network is driven by both weights and topological structure. Reducing dependence on key nodes through diversified trade partners and optimizing regional cooperation is crucial for enhancing trade stability. The weighted directed network model and dynamic resilience evaluation framework proposed in this study provide new methods for global food trade risk management and supply chain optimization.

本研究旨在揭示2003年至2023年全球冷冻肉类贸易网络的时空演化规律，并评估其静态与动态结构韧性。基于联合国商品贸易统计数据，本研究构建了牛肉、猪肉、羊肉及禽肉四类商品的有向加权贸易网络。结合复杂网络理论与仿真模型，本研究从传播性（Transmissibility）、集聚性（Clustering）、层级性（Hierarchy）、同配性（Assortativity）四个维度对静态韧性展开分析；通过模拟单节点失效对网络性能的影响，开展动态韧性评估。研究结果显示，全球冷冻肉类贸易网络呈现极化发展态势：中国已跃升为全球最大的进口枢纽，巴西则成为牛肉与禽肉的主导出口国，这一现象反映出区域化与全球化协同共存的格局。静态韧性分析结果显示，四类加权网络均表现出显著的层级性特征，且同配性有所提升；其中禽肉网络的传播性最优，牛肉网络的韧性则最为突出。中断模拟结果显示，核心节点失效会对加权网络造成更为严重的冲击，但网络整体的抗中断能力随时间推移逐步提升。研究结论强调，冷冻肉类贸易网络的韧性同时受贸易权重与拓扑结构双重驱动；通过拓展多元化贸易伙伴以降低对关键节点的依赖、优化区域合作机制，对提升贸易稳定性具有关键意义。本研究提出的有向加权网络模型与动态韧性评估框架，为全球粮食贸易风险管理与供应链优化提供了全新的研究范式与技术路径。