Data_Sheet_1_As a Staple Food Substitute, Oat and Buckwheat Compound Has Health-Promoting Effects for Diabetic Rats.docx

Dietary intervention is crucial for the prevention and control of diabetes. China has the largest diabetic population in the world, yet no one dietary strategy matches the eating habits of the Chinese people. To explore an effective and acceptable dietary pattern, this study uses oat and buckwheat compound (OBC) as a staple food substitute and explored its effects on diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats. The model of diabetic rats was established by combining high-calorie feed and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The dietary intervention for the seven groups, including a normal control group, a model control group, a metformin control group, a wheat flour control group, and three OBC groups with different doses, started from the beginning of the experiment and lasted for 11 weeks, two consecutive injections of STZ in small doses were operated at the 6th week. General states, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism indexes were measured. Antioxidant and inflammatory indexes and pathologic changes of kidney and liver tissues were tested. Changes in kidney and ileum ultramicrostructure were detected. What's more, ileal epithelial tight junction proteins and gut microbiota were analyzed. Significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and insulin resistance were observed in rats intervened with OBC, and these rats also showed a higher level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) together with improved lipid metabolism, attenuated inflammation, and liver and kidney injuries. In addition, in OBC groups, the intestinal barrier was improved, and the disturbance of gut microbiota was reduced. These results suggest that OBC has health-promoting effects for diabetic rats, and since oat and buckwheat are traditionally consumed grains in China, OBC could be a potential and easy-to-accept staple food substitute for the dietary pattern for Chinese.

膳食干预对于糖尿病的预防与控制至关重要。中国是全球糖尿病患者数量最多的国家，但目前尚无适配国人饮食习惯的膳食干预方案。为探索有效且易被接受的膳食模式，本研究以燕麦荞麦复合物（oat and buckwheat compound, OBC）作为主食替代品，探究其对糖尿病斯普拉格-道利（Sprague–Dawley）大鼠的干预效果。本研究采用高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin）注射的方法构建糖尿病大鼠模型。实验共设置7组干预对象，包括正常对照组、模型对照组、二甲双胍对照组、小麦面粉对照组及3个不同剂量的燕麦荞麦复合物组；干预自实验启动起持续11周，并于第6周对除正常对照组外的各组进行两次连续小剂量链脲佐菌素注射，以完成糖尿病模型构建。检测各组大鼠的一般状态、糖代谢及脂代谢指标；同时检测抗氧化与炎症指标，以及肝肾组织的病理变化。此外，观察肾脏与回肠的超微结构改变，并对回肠上皮紧密连接蛋白与肠道菌群进行分析。结果显示，燕麦荞麦复合物（OBC）干预组大鼠的空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose, FBG）、糖耐量、血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗情况均显著改善，超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性升高，脂代谢紊乱得到缓解，炎症反应减轻，肝肾损伤亦有所改善。此外，燕麦荞麦复合物（OBC）干预组的肠道屏障功能得以改善，肠道菌群失调情况得到缓解。综上，燕麦荞麦复合物（OBC）对糖尿病大鼠具有健康增益作用；且燕麦与荞麦均为我国传统食用谷物，因此燕麦荞麦复合物（OBC）有望成为适配国人饮食习惯的潜在主食替代品。