The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis

AbstractFloral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimize floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future., MethodsTo identify datasets suitable to address the research questions of this quantitative synthesis a search in the ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS was performed. To minimise potential publication bias and to maximise the number of relevant datasets we also searched for unpublished data by contacting potential data holders through researcher networks. Data was requested through a standardized data sheet template from dataset holders. As different studies used different methods and measures to quantify pollination services, pest control services and crop yield, the data was standardized prior to statistical analysis using z-scores. A mixed effect-modelling approach was used to statistically analyse the data. Details on methods of data collection and analysis is are given in the material and methods section of the paper, and in the Supporting Figure 1 and Supporting Tables 1-5., Usage notesMeta-data files (ReadMe files) with the information required to use this dataset are provided.

摘要：花卉种植植被（floral plantings）通过提供生态系统服务，被推广以助力农业生态集约化发展。然而，目前仍缺乏针对不同花卉种植植被的效益、自身特征及其对作物产量影响的全面评估。本研究针对北美、欧洲及新西兰的邻接农田，量化了花境带（flower strips）与绿篱（hedgerows）对周边作物害虫防控（纳入18项研究）与传粉服务（纳入17项研究）的影响。花境带可使邻田的害虫防控服务平均提升16%，而绿篱则无此效果。但两类植被对作物传粉与产量的影响则更为多变。本综合分析明确了影响种植植被效益异质性的关键驱动因素：传粉服务随与种植植被的距离增加呈指数级衰减；多年生、种植时长更久且开花植物多样性更高的花境带，能更高效地提升传粉服务。本研究结果为优化花卉种植植被布局提供了可行路径，未来可借此更高效地推动生态系统服务供给与农业生态集约化发展。
方法：为筛选适配本定量综合分析研究问题的数据集，本研究在ISI Web of Science与SCOPUS数据库中开展了文献检索。为尽可能降低潜在的发表偏倚并扩大相关数据集的覆盖范围，本研究还通过研究者网络联系潜在数据持有者，以获取未发表的数据。研究人员通过标准化数据表模板向数据集持有者索取相关数据。由于不同研究采用不同方法与指标量化传粉服务、害虫防控服务与作物产量，本研究在统计分析前通过Z分数（z-scores）对数据进行了标准化处理。本研究采用混合效应建模（mixed effect-modelling）方法开展统计分析。本研究的数据收集与分析方法的详细信息，已在论文的材料与方法部分以及补充图1、补充表1-5中予以说明。
使用说明：本数据集附带元数据文件（Meta-data files，即ReadMe文件），其中包含使用该数据集所需的全部信息。