Congenital malformations and use of pesticides in the city of Giruá, RS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to relate the use of pesticides to the occurrence of congenital malformations in the city of Giruá (RS), as well as to determine the associated risk factors. The research has a quantitative, descriptive-exploratory approach, and was carried out during the first semester of 2019. The study was conducted in two stages: (a) association of the occurrence of malformations with the use of pesticides which was calculated using the Odds Ratios, with the Confidence Interval (CI) being adopted for the 95% samples; and (b) determination of the associated risk factors, for which an interview was conducted with farmers living in the municipality. It is noticed that the rates of congenital malformations in the city of Giruá, are higher than the state average for the same period. There is a probability that the occurrence of malformations in the municipality is associated with the use of pesticides, because all Odds Ratios were greater than one. The risk factors identified were low educational level, toxicological class and active principles, inadequate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), number of people diagnosed with intoxication or who reported some associated signal or symptom and storage of the products.

摘要 本研究旨在探究吉鲁阿市（Giruá, RS）农药使用与先天性畸形发生的关联，并明确相关危险因素。本研究采用定量描述性探索性研究设计，于2019年上半年开展。本研究分为两个阶段：（a）畸形发生与农药使用的关联分析，采用比值比（Odds Ratios）进行统计计算，置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）取95%样本区间；（b）相关危险因素的确定，对辖区内农户开展访谈调研。研究发现，同期吉鲁阿市先天性畸形发生率高于该州平均水平。鉴于所有比值比均大于1，该市畸形发生或与农药使用存在关联。本次研究识别出的危险因素包括：受教育程度偏低、农药毒理学分类与有效成分、个人防护装备（Personal Protective Equipment, PPE）使用不当、确诊中毒或报告相关体征/症状的人数，以及农药产品的储存方式。