Data Sheet 4_Metabolic reprogramming and transcriptomic adaptation contribute to glyphosate resistance in potato cultivars.pdf

Glyphosate, a widely used herbicide, inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in the shikimate pathway, and its repeated application has led to resistance in several crops, including potato. In this study, we investigated the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying glyphosate resistance in two contrasting potato cultivars, DP (glyphosate-tolerant) and MA (glyphosate-sensitive), using integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Glyphosate treatment triggered cultivar-specific responses: although both cultivars activated early stress-related pathways, DP exhibited a more coordinated and sustained transcriptional response, particularly in pathways associated with detoxification, redox homeostasis, and energy regulation, whereas MA showed a broader but less organized response mainly enriched in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Metabolomic analysis revealed pronounced metabolic reprogramming in DP, including enhanced flux through the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways and increased accumulation of tyrosine, ferulic acid, and flavonoids, which contribute to oxidative stress mitigation and structural defense. In contrast, MA displayed weaker metabolic adjustments, especially in secondary metabolism. Overall, these results demonstrate that glyphosate resistance in potato is driven by transcriptional plasticity and metabolic reprogramming that enhance secondary metabolism and stress tolerance, providing new insights into herbicide resistance mechanisms.

草甘膦（Glyphosate）是一种广泛使用的除草剂，可抑制莽草酸途径（shikimate pathway）中的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶（5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase），其反复施用已导致包括马铃薯在内的多种作物产生抗药性。本研究以两个抗性差异显著的马铃薯品种——耐草甘膦的DP和草甘膦敏感型MA为材料，通过整合转录组学（transcriptomic）与代谢组学（metabolomic）分析，探究了其抗草甘膦的分子与代谢机制。草甘膦处理诱导了品种特异性响应：尽管两个品种均激活了早期胁迫相关通路，但DP展现出更为协调且持久的转录响应，尤其在解毒、氧化还原稳态及能量调控相关通路中；而MA则呈现出范围更广但组织性更弱的响应，主要富集于光合作用与碳水化合物代谢通路。代谢组学分析显示，DP发生了显著的代谢重编程，包括莽草酸途径与苯丙烷途径（phenylpropanoid pathway）的通量增强，以及酪氨酸、阿魏酸与类黄酮（flavonoids）的积累增加，这些物质有助于缓解氧化胁迫并构建结构防御。与之相反，MA的代谢调节较弱，尤其是在次生代谢层面。综上，本研究结果表明，马铃薯的草甘膦抗性由转录可塑性与代谢重编程驱动，二者可增强次生代谢与胁迫耐受性，为除草剂抗性机制研究提供了新的视角。