Data Sheet 1_Physiological impact of Trichoderma viride agents on the quality and production of melon that is grown on soils continuously cropped to melon.pdf

The issue of ongoing cropping barriers is getting worse as China’s melon planting area steadily grows, and the melon industry’s sustainable growth is being negatively impacted by the steadily diminishing yield and quality of the fruit. Trichoderma is a probiotic that can enhance the physiological traits of crops, encourage their growth, and raise their yield and quality. It is yet unknown, though, how Trichoderma influences the growth, physiological traits, and yield of melon grown on soils continuously cropped to melon. Trichoderma viride kf57 agents at 1.0 × 104, 8.0 × 104, 6.4 × 105, and 5.12 × 106 CFU/g and no Trichoderma viride agents (CK) were utilized as treatments. At the seedling and fruiting stages, a pot experiment and a bedding experiment were conducted to study the physiological properties and yield of melon under varying concentration of Trichoderma viride kf57 agents. As a result of the application of T. viride agents, the indexes of melon seedlings were all significantly improved. The treatment of 6.4 × 105 CFU/g had the best promoting effect on the morphology of melon seedlings, and the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh weight of whole plant, dry weight of whole plant, root shoot ratio, and strong seedling index of melon seedlings increased by 90.39, 46.30, 37.55, 81.35, 100.62, 51.47, and 240.00%, respectively, compared with CK. The results showed that different amounts of T. viride agents could improve physiological and biochemical indices of melon leaves during the fruiting stage; the treatment of 6.4 × 105 CFU/g was the most effective; chlorophyll content, nitrate nitrogen content, sucrose content, reducing sugar content, free proline content, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of melon leaves increased at 30 days after melon pollination. Melon quality and yield was also enhanced by the use of T. viride agents, with the treatment of 6.4 × 105 CFU/g T. viride agents having the best boosting effects. The melon fruit’s transverse diameter, vertical diameter, single fruit weight, and yield all increased. The amount of soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble sugar, and sugar acid ratio also increased. In conclusion, by promoting the morphology of melon grown on soils continuously cropped to melon seedlings, T. viride agents can improve the physiological characteristics of melon grown on soils continuously cropped to melon and improve the production and quality qualities of melon. When using T. viride kf57 agents, 6.4 × 105 CFU/g is the highest effective dosage. The study revealed that T. viride agents had significant potential as biological agents as they showed good results in melon yield and quality formation, as well as in enhancing seedling quality.

随着我国甜瓜种植面积稳步扩大，连作障碍问题日益突出，甜瓜产量与品质持续下降严重制约了甜瓜产业的可持续发展。木霉菌（Trichoderma）是一类益生微生物，可增强作物生理性状、促进作物生长并提升其产量与品质。不过，木霉菌对连作甜瓜田种植的甜瓜生长、生理性状及产量的影响尚不明确。
本试验设置了1.0×10⁴、8.0×10⁴、6.4×10⁵、5.12×10⁶ CFU/g的绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）kf57菌剂处理，以及不添加绿色木霉菌剂的对照组（CK）。分别在苗期与结果期开展盆栽试验与畦栽试验，探究不同浓度绿色木霉kf57菌剂对甜瓜生理特性及产量的影响。
试验结果表明，施用绿色木霉菌剂后，甜瓜幼苗各项指标均得到显著改善。其中6.4×10⁵ CFU/g处理对甜瓜幼苗形态的促生效果最佳，与对照组（CK）相比，甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、全株鲜重、全株干重、根冠比及壮苗指数分别提升了90.39%、46.30%、37.55%、81.35%、100.62%、51.47%与240.00%。
研究显示，不同浓度的绿色木霉菌剂均可改善结果期甜瓜叶片的生理生化指标，其中6.4×10⁵ CFU/g处理效果最优；在甜瓜授粉后30天，其叶片的叶绿素含量、硝态氮含量、蔗糖含量、还原糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、硝酸还原酶（nitrate reductase, NR）活性、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）活性及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性均显著提升。
此外，施用绿色木霉菌剂还可提升甜瓜的品质与产量，其中6.4×10⁵ CFU/g绿色木霉菌剂处理的增效效果最为显著：甜瓜果实的横径、纵径、单果重及产量均有所增加；可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及糖酸比亦显著提升。
综上，绿色木霉菌剂可通过改善连作甜瓜田甜瓜幼苗的形态，提升连作甜瓜的生理特性，进而改善甜瓜的生产与品质性状。其中绿色木霉kf57菌剂的最佳施用浓度为6.4×10⁵ CFU/g。本研究表明，绿色木霉菌剂在提升甜瓜产量与品质、改善幼苗质量方面效果优异，具备开发为生物菌剂的巨大潜力。