Table1_Distribution, seasonal characteristics, ecological risks and human health risks of 9 antibiotics in the main water environment of Anhui province, China.xlsx

This study was performed to determine the status and ecological risk as well as provide a basis for the prevention and control of antibiotic contamination in the drinking water sources of Anhui Province. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure the detection rate and concentrations of nine antibiotics, classified as sulfonamides (SAs) or tetracyclines (TCs), in water collected from 51 sampling points and from areas with different seasonal characteristics. The risks of the main antibiotics (Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), Doxycycline (DOC), Sulfadiazine (SDZ), Sulfamerazine (SM2), Sulfadimethoxine (SDM), Doxycycline (DOC), Tetracycline (TC), Oxytetracyline (OTC), and Chlortetracycline (CTC). to the ecosystem and human beings were evaluated using risk quotients (RQs) and target hazard quotients (THQs), respectively. Nine antibiotics were detected in tap water and surface water at concentrations ranging from 1.71 ng L−1–21.92 ng L−1 and 1.54 ng L−1–78.74 ng L−1, respectively. SMZ and DOC were detected in both tap water and surface water. Their highest detection rates in tap water were 59.1% and 63.6%, respectively, and those in surface water were 81.25% and 43.8%, respectively. SDZ, SMZ, SM2, SDM, DOC, TC, OTC, and CTC were detected in the dry and flood seasons, with levels ranging from 2.43 ng L−1–49.43 ng L−1. Among the detected target antibiotics, SMZ, SM2, TC, OTC, and CTC had higher detection rates. The total concentrations of detected antibiotics were higher in fall than in the other seasons. TC and OTC present in different water sources posed a moderate risk. SDZ present in surface water posed a higher ecological risk than that present in tap water and ground water. Meanwhile, the presence of DOC in tap water and the low risk caused by SDM in surface waters should be emphasized.

本研究旨在探明安徽省饮用水源地抗生素污染现状与生态风险，为该类污染的防控工作提供科学依据。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS）技术，对采集自51个采样点及不同季节特征区域的水样开展检测，针对分属磺胺类（Sulfonamides, SAs）与四环素类（Tetracyclines, TCs）的9种抗生素，测定其检出率与浓度水平。分别采用风险商值（Risk Quotients, RQs）与靶标危害商值（Target Hazard Quotients, THQs），评估主要目标抗生素（磺胺甲恶唑（Sulfamethoxazole, SMZ）、多西环素（Doxycycline, DOC）、磺胺嘧啶（Sulfadiazine, SDZ）、磺胺二甲嘧啶（Sulfamerazine, SM2）、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（Sulfadimethoxine, SDM）、多西环素（Doxycycline, DOC）、四环素（Tetracycline, TC）、土霉素（Oxytetracycline, OTC）以及金霉素（Chlortetracycline, CTC)）对生态系统及人类健康的潜在风险。研究结果显示，自来水与地表水中均检出上述9种抗生素，浓度范围分别为1.71 ng·L⁻¹~21.92 ng·L⁻¹与1.54 ng·L⁻¹~78.74 ng·L⁻¹。其中SMZ与DOC在两类水体中均有检出：自来水样品中二者的最高检出率分别为59.1%与63.6%，地表水样品中则分别为81.25%与43.8%。枯水期与丰水期均检出SDZ、SMZ、SM2、SDM、DOC、TC、OTC与CTC，浓度区间为2.43 ng·L⁻¹~49.43 ng·L⁻¹。在所检出的目标抗生素中，SMZ、SM2、TC、OTC与CTC的检出率相对较高。总抗生素浓度在秋季显著高于其余季节。不同水源中的TC与OTC均呈现中等生态风险。地表水中的SDZ相较于自来水与地下水，具有更高的生态风险。同时需重点关注自来水中存在的DOC以及地表水中SDM所引发的低水平健康风险。