Relative abundance of major genera in different samples

Coastal sediments are rich in embedded recalcitrant organic carbons that are biotransformed into methane. In this study, bacterial 16S rRNA community composition, gas composition (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen) and chemical indicators (total nitrogen, total carbon and total sulfate) were examined in five deep sediment cores (over 130 m in length) obtained from the Hangzhou Bay. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons was amplified and sequenced for the community analysis. We conducted a metagenomic sequencing of the two sediment samples, with a high methane content and enrichment of methanogenic Bathyarchaeota. A total of 27 draft genomes were retrieved through metagenomic binning methodologies and were classified into Bathyarchaeota, Asgard archaea, Planctomycetes and other microbial groups. The species composition, along with the physicochemical factors of the core sediments, revealed a strong correlation with methane content, particularly in sample S-2. The data provided are significant for revealing the relationship between methane generation and microbial community composition in deep sediment core samples from coastal to marine environments.

沿海沉积物富含包埋态难降解有机碳，此类物质可经生物转化生成甲烷。本研究针对从杭州湾采集的5根长度超130米的深层沉积物岩芯，分析了其中细菌16S rRNA（16S ribosomal RNA）群落组成、气体组成（二氧化碳、甲烷、氮气）以及总氮、总碳、总硫酸盐等化学指标。研究人员对16S rRNA基因扩增子（16S rRNA gene amplicon）的V3-V4可变区进行扩增与测序，以开展群落组成分析；同时对2个甲烷含量较高、产甲烷深古菌（Bathyarchaeota）富集的沉积物样本开展了宏基因组测序（metagenomic sequencing）。通过宏基因组分箱（metagenomic binning）技术，本研究共获得27份草图基因组（draft genome），并将其归类为深古菌门（Bathyarchaeota）、阿斯加德古菌（Asgard archaea）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）及其他微生物类群。分析结果显示，物种组成与沉积物岩芯的理化因子和甲烷含量存在显著相关性，其中以S-2样本的相关性最为突出。本数据集可为揭示沿海至海洋环境下深层沉积物岩芯样本中甲烷生成与微生物群落组成之间的关联提供重要科学依据。