Attitudes Toward Stalin and the Soviet Past in Ukraine, 1991–2024 – Merged data from nationwide public opinion surveys conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology

This dataset presents survey data collected by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) between 1991 and 2024, reflecting changes in public attitudes in Ukraine toward Joseph Stalin and selected aspects of the Soviet past. It combines responses to the following questions: • Was Stalin a great leader? Asked in 1991 and then regularly included in surveys from 2002 to 2023; assesses views on Stalin through respondents' level of agreement with the following statement. • General attitude toward Stalin. Included in surveys from 2013 to 2023, with several years between waves; captures overall positive or negative views of Stalin. • Willingness to live under a leader like Stalin. Asked between 2013 and 2019, at intervals of several years; measures personal acceptance or rejection of Stalin-type leadership. • Evaluations of Stalin's role and legacy. Asked between 2013 and 2019, at intervals of several years; includes both positive and negative statements about Stalin's historical role (a wise leader who brought prosperity; a cruel tyrant responsible for mass repression). • Perceptions of the Soviet past and the USSR's breakup. Asked in various phrasings in the 1990s and again in 2020, including views on the USSR's collapse and general evaluations of the Soviet era. • Views on whether Ukraine had statehood during the Soviet period. Asked in 2024. The dataset also includes socio-demographic variables such as gender, age, education, nationality, occupation, self-assessment of financial situation, and place of residence (oblast, type of settlement). To facilitate analysis, the results of individual surveys have been harmonized and combined into a single dataset. The merged dataset includes 18 surveys, with a total of 30,841 respondents. However, since not every question was asked in each survey, response counts vary across questions. The data is available in an SAV format (Ukrainian, Russian, English) as well as a converted CSV format (with a codebook). The Data Documentation includes a short overview and discussion of survey results (with tables in Annex 1).本数据集收录了基辅国际社会学研究所（Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, KIIS）于1991年至2024年间采集的调查数据，旨在反映乌克兰民众对约瑟夫·斯大林以及苏联历史若干面向的态度变迁。 本数据集整合了针对以下问题的调研结果： • "斯大林是否为伟大领袖"：该问题于1991年首次提出，并自2002年起定期纳入调研问卷，通过受访者对"斯大林是伟大领袖"这一表述的认同程度，评估其对斯大林的看法。 • "对斯大林的总体态度"：该问题自2013年起纳入调研，每间隔数年开展一次，用于捕捉民众对斯大林的整体正负向评价。 • "是否愿意生活在斯大林式领导人的治理下"：该问题于2013年至2019年间间隔数年开展，用于衡量民众对斯大林式威权领导的接受或排斥程度。 • "对斯大林角色与历史遗产的评价"：该问题于2013年至2019年间间隔数年开展，包含对斯大林历史角色的正负两种表述（如"带来繁荣的睿智领袖"与"制造大规模镇压的残酷独裁者"）。 • "对苏联历史及苏联解体的认知"：该问题在20世纪90年代以多种表述形式提出，并于2020年再次开展，涵盖民众对苏联解体的看法以及对苏联时代的整体评价。 • "关于苏联时期乌克兰是否拥有国家地位的观点"：该问题于2024年开展。 数据集还包含性别、年龄、受教育程度、国籍、职业、个人财务状况自评以及居住地点（州/自治共和国、定居点类型）等社会人口学变量。 为便于分析，各项独立调研的结果已进行标准化整合，形成单一数据集。本次合并后的数据集共包含18项调研，累计有效受访者30841人。但由于并非所有问题均在每一项调研中设置，不同问题的有效样本量存在差异。 本数据集提供SAV格式（支持乌克兰语、俄语、英语）以及转换后的CSV格式（附编码手册）。 数据文档包含调研结果的简要概述与讨论（附件1附相关表格）。