Data_Sheet_1_Microbiome of Field Grown Hemp Reveals Potential Microbial Interactions With Root and Rhizosphere Soil.docx

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a crop bred and grown for the production of fiber, grain, and floral extracts that contribute to health and wellness. Hemp plants interact with a myriad of microbiota inhabiting the phyllosphere, endosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere. These microbes offer many ecological services, particularly those of below ground biotopes which are involved in nutrient cycling, uptake, and alleviating biotic and abiotic stress. The microbiota communities of the hemp rhizosphere in the field are not well documented. To discover core microbiota associated with field grown hemp, we cultivated single C. sativa cultivar, “TJ’s CBD,” in six different fields in New York and sampled hemp roots and their rhizospheric soil. We used Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal DNA of bacteria and ITS of fungi to study microbial community structure of hemp roots and rhizospheres. We found that Planctobacteria and Ascomycota dominated the taxonomic composition of hemp associated microbial community. We identified potential core microbiota in each community (bacteria: eight bacterial amplicon sequence variant – ASV, identified as Gimesia maris, Pirellula sp. Lacipirellula limnantheis, Gemmata sp. and unclassified Planctobacteria; fungi: three ASVs identified as Fusarium oxysporum, Gibellulopsis piscis, and Mortierella minutissima). We found 14 ASVs as hub taxa [eight bacterial ASVs (BASV) in the root, and four bacterial and two fungal ASVs in the rhizosphere soil], and 10 BASV connected the root and rhizosphere soil microbiota to form an extended microbial communication in hemp. The only hub taxa detected in both the root and rhizosphere soil microbiota was ASV37 (Caulifigura coniformis), a bacterial taxon. The core microbiota and Network hub taxa can be studied further for biocontrol activities and functional investigations in the formulation of hemp bioinoculants. This study documented the microbial diversity and community structure of hemp grown in six fields, which could contribute toward the development of bioinoculants for hemp that could be used in organic farming.

工业大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）是一类经选育栽培，用于获取纤维、籽粒以及有益于健康与康养的花序提取物的作物。大麻植株与定殖于叶围（phyllosphere）、内球（endosphere）、根面（rhizoplane）及根际（rhizosphere）的海量微生物群存在互作关系。这些微生物可提供诸多生态服务，其中地下生境的微生物群尤为关键，它们参与养分循环、养分吸收，并能缓解生物与非生物胁迫。目前对于大田种植大麻的根际微生物群，相关研究记载仍较为匮乏。

为挖掘与大田种植大麻相关的核心微生物群，本研究在纽约州的6个不同地块种植了单一大麻品种‘TJ’s CBD’，并采集大麻根系及其根际土壤样本。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq扩增子测序技术，分别靶向细菌16S核糖体DNA（16S rDNA）与真菌内转录间隔区（ITS），以解析大麻根系及根际的微生物群落结构。

研究发现，与大麻相关的微生物群落的分类组成以浮霉菌门（Planctobacteria）和子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为主。本研究在各群落中鉴定出潜在的核心微生物群：细菌类群包含8个扩增子序列变体（Amplicon Sequence Variant, ASV），经鉴定为海洋吉门氏菌（Gimesia maris）、皮尔菌属（Pirellula sp.）、湖生拉西皮尔菌（Lacipirellula limnantheis）、芽殖菌属（Gemmata sp.）以及未分类浮霉菌；真菌类群包含3个ASV，经鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）、鱼形吉布菌（Gibellulopsis piscis）以及小被孢霉（Mortierella minutissima）。

本研究鉴定出14个枢纽类群ASV：其中根系内有8个细菌ASV（Bacterial Amplicon Sequence Variant, BASV），根际土壤中有4个细菌ASV与2个真菌ASV；另有10个BASV可连接根系与根际土壤微生物群，在大麻植株内形成延伸性微生物交流网络。在根系与根际土壤微生物群中均被检测到的唯一枢纽类群为ASV37，其分类单元为锥形茎杆菌（Caulifigura coniformis），属于细菌类群。

核心微生物群与网络枢纽类群可进一步开展生防活性研究与功能验证，以开发大麻生物菌剂。本研究记录了6个地块种植的大麻的微生物多样性与群落结构，可为适配有机农业的大麻生物菌剂开发提供理论支撑。