Warming and irradiance Measurement (WARM) buoys deployed in Canada Basin and Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean, 2019

The Warming and irradiance Measurement (WARM) buoy collects measurements of light, temperature, salinity and phytoplankton abundance under the Arctic sea ice. The Arctic ice pack has suffered continued thinning and reduction in seasonal extent, resulting in changes to the amount of sunlight penetrating through the ice and into the ocean beneath, having consequences for the physical and biological environment. Sunlight absorbed by the ocean under the ice causes warming, which can lead to accelerated ice melt resulting in even more sunlight reaching the ocean. In addition, warmer water also affects living organisms, influencing the ability of Arctic adapted species to survive, and possibly promoting the northward advancement of sub-Arctic species. Thinner ice also increases light available for photosynthesis, affecting the timing of phytoplankton blooms. If phytoplankton growth occurs early in the season then zooplankton, the organisms that feed on them can miss the bloom with consequences for the entire food web of the Arctic. This project aims to provide observations to help determine how the under-ice environment is changing by using autonomous buoys which overcome the limitations of ship-based observations. The buoys have proven to be very robust and can survive for approximately one year, providing hourly observations which will be available in near-real time to the research community and interested public parties. The buoys will be deployed in early spring in the western Beaufort Sea, with anticipated drift west over the Chukchi Shelf. This dataset includes data from an ice-tethered buoy deployed on Arctic sea ice in March 2019. Data measured include, Photosynthetically available radiation, temperature, and chlorophyll. A sidekick was deployed coincidently with the buoy and measured surface Photosynthetically available radiation

升温与辐照度测量浮标（Warming and irradiance Measurement, WARM）用于采集北极海冰下方的光照、温度、盐度以及浮游植物丰度数据。当前北极海冰覆盖区持续变薄、季节性覆盖范围不断缩减，导致穿透海冰进入下方海洋的日照总量发生改变，进而对海洋物理与生物环境造成影响。海冰下方的海水吸收日照后会产生升温效应，加速海冰融化，使得更多日照能够抵达海洋。此外，水温升高还会对海洋生物造成影响：一方面会削弱适应北极环境的物种的生存能力，另一方面可能推动副北极物种向北扩张。海冰变薄还会增加可供光合作用利用的光照量，进而改变浮游植物水华的发生时序。若浮游植物提前在季节早期开展繁殖，以其为食的浮游动物可能会错过这一食物高峰，进而对北极整体食物网产生连锁影响。
本项目旨在借助可克服船基观测局限的自主式浮标获取观测数据，助力探明海冰下方环境的变化情况。该类浮标已被证实具有优异的耐用性，可连续稳定运行约一年，每小时采集一次观测数据，且相关数据将以近实时的方式向科研界及感兴趣的公众开放。浮标将于早春时节在波弗特海西部布放，预计将随海冰向西漂移穿过楚科奇海台。
本数据集包含2019年3月布放在北极海冰上的锚定海冰浮标采集的观测数据，所测指标包括光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically available radiation）、温度与叶绿素浓度。本次布放同步搭载了一套辅测设备，用于采集表层光合有效辐射数据。