Frugivorous flies and their parasitoids associated with Surinam cherry fruits

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to know and assess natural infestation of frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae) and their parasitoids in Surinam cherry fruits. The survey was conducted in an organic orchard, located in the municipality of Maceió, Alagoas. From October 2010 to January 2011, mature green, half-ripe and ripe Surinam cherry were collected. Infestation index was higher for mature green and half-ripe fruits. Five species of frugivorous flies were identified: Anastrepha fraterculus , Anastrepha obliqua , Anastrepha sororcul , Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Neosilba pendula (Diptera: Lonchaeidae). It were identified the parasitoids: Doryctobracon areolatus , Opius bellus, Utetes anastrephae and Asobara anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), being D. areolatus with highest percentage of parasitism in all maturation stages. N . pendula was recorded in Brasil associated to Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae). O . bellus , U . anastrephae and A . anastrephae were also recorded for the first time in the State of Alagoas. Mature green and half-ripe Surinam cherries are the most fruit fly infested, and the parasitism rate is higher in half-ripe and ripe fruits.

摘要：本研究旨在探明并评估苏里南樱桃（Surinam cherry）果实中食果蝇（双翅目：实蝇科（Tephritidae）、斑蝇科（Lonchaeidae））及其寄生性天敌的自然侵染状况。本次调查于巴西阿拉戈斯州马塞约市的一处有机果园内开展。2010年10月至2011年1月期间，研究人员采集了青熟、半熟及成熟的苏里南樱桃果实。结果表明，青熟与半熟果实的虫害侵染指数更高。本研究共鉴定出5种食果蝇：南美按实蝇（Anastrepha fraterculus）、斜纹按实蝇（Anastrepha obliqua）、近缘按实蝇（Anastrepha sororcul）、地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata，双翅目：实蝇科）以及下垂新斑蝇（Neosilba pendula，双翅目：斑蝇科）。同时鉴定出的寄生性天敌包括：多雕茧蜂（Doryctobracon areolatus）、美丽奥氏茧蜂（Opius bellus）、安氏Utetes茧蜂（Utetes anastrephae）以及安氏Asobara茧蜂（Asobara anastrephae，膜翅目：茧蜂科），其中多雕茧蜂在各果实成熟阶段的寄生率均为最高。下垂新斑蝇在巴西地区与红果仔（Eugenia uniflora L.，桃金娘科（Myrtaceae））的伴生关系已有记录。美丽奥氏茧蜂、安氏Utetes茧蜂与安氏Asobara茧蜂均为阿拉戈斯州的首次报道物种。综上，青熟与半熟的苏里南樱桃果实受实蝇侵染程度最高，而半熟及成熟果实的寄生率更高。