Rapier of D. João de Mascarenhas

The sword of D. João de Mascarenhas can be characterized as a rapier, a type of sword that evolved from the Spanish ropera in the late XVI century. Rather than a military sword the rapier was used in a more civil fashion. It was an ornamental item used by the nobility of the XVII and XVIII centuries and if it ever had to be used in combat it would be mainly in duels. However, since duelers could not wear armor or bear shields, the use of the rapier lead to the development of defense techniques solely based on body movement and blocking with the sword itself. Usually the rapier was a very light and very balanced sword, with its guard in the shape of a cup. This, however, is not the case with the sword of D. João, since the guard has only a circular body section followed by three cross-guards in a similar fashion. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab若昂·德·马斯卡雷尼亚斯阁下（D. João de Mascarenhas）的佩剑可被归类为细剑（rapier），该类武器于16世纪晚期由西班牙罗佩拉剑（Spanish ropera）演化而来。细剑并非军用兵器，更多用于民用场景：它是17至18世纪贵族阶层的装饰性器物，若需投入实战，也仅多用于决斗场合。不过，由于决斗者无法穿戴盔甲或持用盾牌，细剑的使用推动了仅依托身体动作与剑身自身格挡的防卫技法的发展。 常规细剑通常轻盈且配重均衡，护手呈杯形。但若昂·德·马斯卡雷尼亚斯阁下的佩剑却并非如此，其护手仅带有圆形主体结构，后续配有三副形制相仿的十字护手。 数据来源：Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab