Supplementary Table S1 for: Therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in stress urinary incontinence – an in vitro and in vivo study

Results of GO analysis<b>Background/Aims:
</b>To
evaluate whether local injection of exosomes derived from human adipose-derived
stem cells (hADSCs) facilitates recovery of stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
in a rat model.

<b>Methods:</b> For the in vitro
study, a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) array and proteomic analysis were
performed. For the in vivo study, female rats were divided into four groups:
sham, SUI, adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC), and exosomes (<i>n</i> = 12 each). The SUI model was generated by pudendal nerve
transection and vaginal dilation. Vehicle, hADSCs, or exosomes were injected
into the peripheral urethra. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the rats underwent cystometrography
and leak point pressure (LPP) testing, and tissues were harvested for
histochemical analyses.

<b>Results:</b> The CCK-8
experiment demonstrated that ADSC-derived exosomes could enhance the growth of
skeletal muscle and Schwann cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Proteomic
analysis revealed that ADSC-derived exosomes contained various proteins of
different signaling pathways. Some of these proteins are associated with the
PI3K-Akt, Jak-STAT, and Wnt pathways, which are related to skeletal muscle and
nerve regeneration and proliferation. In vivo experiments illustrated that rats
of the exosome group had higher bladder capacity and LPP, and had more striated
muscle fibers and peripheral nerve fibers in the urethra than rats of the SUI
group. Both urethral function and histology of rats in the exosome group were
slightly better than those in the ADSC group.

<b>Conclusions:</b> Local injection of
hADSC-derived exosomes improved functional and histological recovery after SUI.

基因本体（Gene Ontology, GO）分析结果
**背景与目的**：本研究旨在评估局部注射人类脂肪源干细胞（human adipose-derived stem cells, hADSCs）来源的外泌体（exosomes），是否可促进大鼠压力性尿失禁（stress urinary incontinence, SUI）模型的功能恢复。

**方法**：体外实验阶段，采用细胞计数试剂盒-8（Cell Counting Kit-8, CCK-8）检测法与蛋白质组学分析开展相关研究；体内实验阶段，将雌性大鼠随机分为4组：假手术组、SUI模型组、脂肪源干细胞（ADSC）组与外泌体组，每组各12只。SUI模型通过阴部神经切断联合阴道扩张法构建，随后分别向各组大鼠的尿道周围注射溶剂、hADSCs或外泌体。分别于局部注射后2、4、8周，对大鼠进行膀胱测压术与漏尿点压（leak point pressure, LPP）检测，并采集组织样本用于组织化学分析。

**结果**：CCK-8实验结果显示，ADSCs来源的外泌体可呈剂量依赖性促进骨骼肌细胞与雪旺细胞系的增殖。蛋白质组学分析表明，ADSCs来源的外泌体含有多种参与不同信号通路的蛋白质，其中部分蛋白质涉及PI3K-Akt、Jak-STAT及Wnt信号通路，这类通路与骨骼肌及神经的再生、增殖密切相关。体内实验结果显示，与SUI模型组相比，外泌体组大鼠的膀胱容量与漏尿点压更高，尿道内的横纹肌纤维与外周神经纤维数量更多；且外泌体组大鼠的尿道功能与组织学表现均略优于ADSCs组。

**结论**：局部注射hADSCs来源的外泌体，可改善SUI模型大鼠的功能与组织学恢复效果。