Files containing data in Figures 1-6 in the manuscript Korhonen N. et al. "The usefulness of Extended-Range Probabilistic Forecasts for Heat wave forecasts in Europe"

Files containing data in Figures 1-6 in the manuscript Korhonen N. et al. "The usefulness of Extended-Range Probabilistic Forecasts for Heat wave forecasts in Europe".

Files and their contents:
Fig1a_Heatwave_lower_threshold_ERA5.nc
Data of Fig1a: The lower thresholds of heat wave days: the 90th percentile of the 5-day moving average temperature in summers 2000-2019 of the ERA5 reanalyses (Hersbach, et al. 2020).

Data of Fig1b: The lower thresholds of heat wave days: the 90th percentile of the 5-day moving average temperature in summers 2000-2019 of the ensembles of the
extended range hindcasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS; Cycles 46r1 and 47r1; Vitart, 2014) in forecast week 1.

Fig1c_Heatwave_lower_threshold_EC_fc_LeadTime2week.nc
Data of Fig1c: The lower thresholds of heat wave days: the 90th percentile of the 5-day moving average temperature in summers 2000-2019 of the ensembles of the ECMWF’s hindcasts in forecast week 2.

Fig1d_Heatwave_lower_threshold_EC_fc_LeadTime3week.nc
Data of Fig1d: The lower thresholds of heat wave days: the 90th percentile of the 5-day moving average temperature in summers 2000-2019 of the ensembles of the ECMWF’s hindcasts in forecast week 3.

Fig1e_Heatwave_lower_threshold_EC_fc_LeadTime4week.nc
Data of Fig1e: The lower thresholds of heat wave days: the 90th percentile of the 5-day moving average temperature in summers 2000-2019 of the ensembles of the ECMWF’s hindcasts in forecast week 4.

Fig2a_LHWMD_ERA5.nc
Data of Fig2a: The duration of the longest period of heat wave days in each grid point over Europe defined from the ERA5 reanalysis data of summers 2000-2019.
Fig2b_HWNP_ERA5.nc
Data of Fig2b: the number of periods with heat wave days in the ERA5 reanalyses during 2000-2019.

Fig3a_sharpness_diagram.txt
Data of the sharpness diagram in Fig. 3a.
Fig3b_reliability_diagram.txt
Data of the reliability diagram in Fig. 3b.

Fig4a_BSS_Week1_All_hindcasts.nc
Fig4b_BSS_Week1_longest_HWS_only.nc
Fig4c_BSS_Week1_excluding_longest_HW.nc
Fig4d_BSS_Week2_All_hindcasts.nc
Fig4e_BSS_Week2_longest_HWS_only.nc
Fig4f_BSS_Week2_excluding_longest_HW.nc
Fig4g_BSS_Week3_All_hindcasts.nc
Fig4h_BSS_Week3_longest_HWS_only.nc
Fig4i_BSS_Week3_excluding_longest_HW.nc
Fig4j_BSS_Week4_All_hindcasts.nc
Fig4k_BSS_Week4_longest_HWS_only.nc
Fig4l_BSS_Week4_excluding_longest_HW.nc
Data of the BSS in Figures 4a-l.

Figure5a_ForecastWeek1.txt
Figure5b_ForecastWeek2.txt
Figure5c_ForecastWeek3.txt
Figure5d_ForecastWeek4.txt
Data of the boxplots in Figures 5a-d.

Figure6a_ForecastWeek1.txt
Figure6a_ForecastWeek2.txt
Figure6a_ForecastWeek3.txt
Figure6a_ForecastWeek4.txt
Data of the boxplots in Figures 6a-d.

Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., et al.: The ERA5 Global Reanalysis, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999-2049, doi:10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
Vitart F.: Evolution of ECMWF sub-seasonal forecast skill scores, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140, 1889–1899, doi: 10.1002/qj.2256, 2014.

本数据集包含论文《Korhonen N. 等. 欧洲热浪预报中的延伸期概率预报效用（"The usefulness of Extended-Range Probabilistic Forecasts for Heat wave forecasts in Europe"）》中图1至图6对应的全部数据。

各文件及其对应内容如下：
1. Fig1a_Heatwave_lower_threshold_ERA5.nc：对应图1a的数据，为欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料（ERA5，Hersbach等，2020）2000-2019年夏季5日滑动平均气温的90百分位数，即热浪日判定阈值。
2. 图1b对应数据：欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）集合预报系统（IFS，Cycles 46r1与47r1；Vitart，2014）的延伸期回报试验中，提前1周预报的集合成员2000-2019年夏季5日滑动平均气温的90百分位数，即热浪日判定阈值。
3. Fig1c_Heatwave_lower_threshold_EC_fc_LeadTime2week.nc：对应图1c的数据，为ECMWF延伸期回报试验中提前2周预报的集合成员2000-2019年夏季5日滑动平均气温的90百分位数，即热浪日判定阈值。
4. Fig1d_Heatwave_lower_threshold_EC_fc_LeadTime3week.nc：对应图1d的数据，为ECMWF延伸期回报试验中提前3周预报的集合成员2000-2019年夏季5日滑动平均气温的90百分位数，即热浪日判定阈值。
5. Fig1e_Heatwave_lower_threshold_EC_fc_LeadTime4week.nc：对应图1e的数据，为ECMWF延伸期回报试验中提前4周预报的集合成员2000-2019年夏季5日滑动平均气温的90百分位数，即热浪日判定阈值。
6. Fig2a_LHWMD_ERA5.nc：对应图2a的数据，为基于2000-2019年夏季ERA5再分析资料计算得到的欧洲区域各网格点单次热浪过程的最长持续时长。
7. Fig2b_HWNP_ERA5.nc：对应图2b的数据，为2000-2019年ERA5再分析资料中欧洲区域各网格点的热浪过程总次数。
8. Fig3a_sharpness_diagram.txt：图3a清晰度图（sharpness diagram）对应的数据文件。
9. Fig3b_reliability_diagram.txt：图3b可靠性图（reliability diagram）对应的数据文件。
10. Fig4a_BSS_Week1_All_hindcasts.nc：提前1周全回报试验的布莱尔技能评分（Brier Skill Score, BSS）数据。
11. Fig4b_BSS_Week1_longest_HWS_only.nc：仅包含最长热浪过程的提前1周回报试验BSS数据。
12. Fig4c_BSS_Week1_excluding_longest_HW.nc：剔除最长热浪过程的提前1周回报试验BSS数据。
13. Fig4d_BSS_Week2_All_hindcasts.nc：提前2周全回报试验的BSS数据。
14. Fig4e_BSS_Week2_longest_HWS_only.nc：仅包含最长热浪过程的提前2周回报试验BSS数据。
15. Fig4f_BSS_Week2_excluding_longest_HW.nc：剔除最长热浪过程的提前2周回报试验BSS数据。
16. Fig4g_BSS_Week3_All_hindcasts.nc：提前3周全回报试验的BSS数据。
17. Fig4h_BSS_Week3_longest_HWS_only.nc：仅包含最长热浪过程的提前3周回报试验BSS数据。
18. Fig4i_BSS_Week3_excluding_longest_HW.nc：剔除最长热浪过程的提前3周回报试验BSS数据。
19. Fig4j_BSS_Week4_All_hindcasts.nc：提前4周全回报试验的BSS数据。
20. Fig4k_BSS_Week4_longest_HWS_only.nc：仅包含最长热浪过程的提前4周回报试验BSS数据。
21. Fig4l_BSS_Week4_excluding_longest_HW.nc：剔除最长热浪过程的提前4周回报试验BSS数据。
22. 图5a至5d的箱线图（boxplots）数据分别对应预报提前1至4周，对应数据文件为Figure5a_ForecastWeek1.txt至Figure5d_ForecastWeek4.txt。
23. 图6a至6d的箱线图数据，对应数据文件为Figure6a_ForecastWeek1.txt、Figure6a_ForecastWeek2.txt、Figure6a_ForecastWeek3.txt与Figure6a_ForecastWeek4.txt（原文此处文件名标注存在笔误，所有文件均标注为Figure6a）。

参考文献：
[1] Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., 等. ERA5全球再分析资料[J]. 皇家气象学会季刊, 146, 1999-2049, doi:10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.
[2] Vitart F. ECMWF次季节预报技能评分的演变[J]. 皇家气象学会季刊, 140, 1889–1899, doi: 10.1002/qj.2256, 2014.