Data from: Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation

Advances in sequencing technology and phylogenetics have revolutionised avian biology by providing an evolutionary framework for studying natural groupings. In the parrots (Psittaciformes), DNA-based studies have led to a reclassification of clades, yet substantial gaps remain in the data gleaned from genetic information. Here we provide an overview of published genetic data of parrots, characterise sampling depth across the phylogeny, and evaluate support for existing systematic treatments. We inferred a concatenated tree with 307 species from a 30-gene supermatrix. We recovered well-supported relationships among recently proposed clades. Taxonomic groups were more stable towards the base of the tree and increased sampling will be required to clarify relationships at the tips, particularly below the generic level. Only a third of species have been sampled intraspecifically in population genetic or phylogeographic surveys. Intraspecific sampling has not been geographically or phylogenetically even across Psittaciformes, especially poor in the cockatoos, Southeast Asia, and parts of Australo-Papua. Threatened species are poorly sampled in the Neotropics. We highlight where effort should be focused to improve sampling based on geography and conservation status. In sum, phylogenetic relationships among the major parrot clades are robust, but relationships within and between genera and species provide opportunities for future investigations.

测序技术与系统发育学的进步，为自然类群的研究提供了演化框架，彻底革新了鸟类生物学研究。在鹦形目（Psittaciformes）鹦鹉类群中，基于DNA的研究推动了演化支的重新分类，但从遗传信息中获取的数据仍存在大量空白。本研究概述了已发表的鹦鹉类群遗传数据，刻画了系统发育研究中的采样深度，并评估了现有分类学处理的支持依据。我们基于30个基因组成的超级矩阵，对307个物种构建了串联系统发育树，恢复了近期提出的各演化支间得到强力支持的演化关系。位于系统发育树基部的分类类群更为稳定，而要厘清末梢类群（尤其是属级以下类群）的演化关系，则需要进一步增加采样量。仅有三分之一的鹦鹉物种在种群遗传学或系统地理学调查中被开展了种内采样。鹦形目内的种内采样在地理分布与系统发育分布上均不均衡，其中凤头鹦鹉类群、东南亚以及澳巴布亚部分区域的采样尤为匮乏。新热带区的受威胁物种采样情况同样不佳。本研究基于地理分布与保护现状，明确了未来应优先加强采样的重点区域。综上，鹦鹉主要演化支间的系统发育关系已较为稳固，但属内、属间以及物种间的演化关系仍为未来研究提供了诸多方向。