Data_Sheet_1_Grapevines escaping trunk diseases in New Zealand vineyards have a distinct microbiome structure.zip

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a substantial challenge to viticulture, especially with a lack of available control measures. The lack of approved fungicides necessitates the exploration of alternative controls. One promising approach is the investigation of disease escape plants, which remain healthy under high disease pressure, likely due to their microbiome function. This study explored the microbiome of grapevines with the disease escape phenotype. DNA metabarcoding of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene was applied to trunk tissues of GTD escape and adjacent diseased vines. Our findings showed that the GTD escape vines had a significantly different microbiome compared with diseased vines. The GTD escape vines consistently harbored a higher relative abundance of the bacterial taxa Pseudomonas and Hymenobacter. Among fungi, Aureobasidium and Rhodotorula were differentially associated with GTD escape vines, while the GTD pathogen, Eutypa, was associated with the diseased vines. This is the first report of the link between the GTD escape phenotype and the grapevine microbiome.

葡萄藤木本病害（Grapevine Trunk Diseases, GTDs）是葡萄栽培产业面临的重大挑战，尤其在缺乏有效防控手段的背景下。由于获批杀菌剂的匮乏，亟需探索替代防控方案。其中一种颇具前景的研究路径是针对病害逃逸植株展开探究——这类植株在高病害压力下仍能保持健康，其背后大概率与自身的微生物组功能相关。本研究聚焦具备病害逃逸表型的葡萄藤微生物组，针对GTD逃逸植株及其邻近的发病葡萄藤的茎干组织，分别开展核糖体内部转录间隔区1（ITS1）与16S核糖体RNA基因的DNA宏条形码测序（DNA metabarcoding）分析。研究结果显示，与发病葡萄藤相比，GTD逃逸植株的微生物组组成存在显著差异：GTD逃逸植株中，假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）与海伯菌属（Hymenobacter）的细菌类群相对丰度始终显著更高；在真菌类群中，出芽短梗霉属（Aureobasidium）和红酵母属（Rhodotorula）与GTD逃逸植株呈现显著特异性关联，而GTD致病菌囊壳孢属（Eutypa）则与发病葡萄藤显著相关。本研究首次报道了GTD逃逸表型与葡萄藤微生物组之间的关联。