Virtual simulations for health education: how are user skills assessed?

Abstract: Introduction: A virtual simulator, or one based on virtual reality, can computationally recreate real contexts. Objective: To analyze works on virtual simulations for training clinical procedures, focusing on the assessment of user skills. Method: Integrative literature review, carried out between 2010 and 2020. A total of 56 studies were selected 56 studies. Results: The selected studies showed that the variables and parameters of virtual simulators are usually obtained by consulting experts or through medical literature. These simulators mainly focus on developing psychomotor skills and assessing the learner’s performance through real-time alerts, progress indicators, and performance reports after the end of each training. Conclusion: Considering the expert’s knowledge exclusively to define the requirements of virtual simulators can limit their reliability and accuracy. The participation of experts in these projects does not follow standards regarding the selection and frequency with which they collaborate. Few simulators provide insightful and pertinent feedback on user performance.

摘要：
引言：虚拟模拟器，或基于虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，VR）的模拟器，可通过计算手段复现真实场景。
研究目的：分析用于临床操作培训的虚拟模拟器相关研究，重点聚焦学习者技能评估维度。
研究方法：于2010年至2020年间开展整合性文献综述，共纳入56项研究。
研究结果：纳入研究表明，虚拟模拟器的变量与参数通常通过咨询领域专家或查阅医学文献获取。此类模拟器主要聚焦于培养学习者的精神运动技能，并通过实时警报、进度指标以及单次培训结束后的性能报告，对学习者的表现进行评估。
研究结论：仅依赖专家知识定义虚拟模拟器的需求，可能会限制其可靠性与准确性；此类项目中专家的参与并未遵循统一的遴选标准与协作频率规范；仅有极少数模拟器能够针对用户表现提供深刻且具针对性的反馈。