Update and review of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome

ABSTRACT For more than half a century, Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (fixed dilated pupil) has been described as a postoperative complication of ophthalmic surgery. Since first reported as a complication of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in patients receiving atropine, the characteristic features of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome have been expanded. In previous literature, a total of 110 cases resulted in a fixed and dilated pupil. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in the immediate postoperative period, phakia, and air or gas in the anterior chamber appear to be the most important risk factors for Urrets-Zavalia syndrome following ophthalmic procedures. Mannitol, IOP control, the removal of air or gas in the anterior chamber, and iridectomy have all demonstrated utility in managing Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.

摘要
半个多世纪以来，Urrets-Zavalia综合征（Urrets-Zavalia syndrome，即固定性瞳孔散大）一直被认定为眼科手术的术后并发症。自首次在接受阿托品治疗的圆锥角膜患者行穿透性角膜移植术时报道该并发症以来，Urrets-Zavalia综合征的特征性表现得到了进一步拓展。既往相关文献中共记载了110例固定性瞳孔散大病例。眼科手术后发生Urrets-Zavalia综合征的最重要危险因素包括术后即刻眼内压（intraocular pressure, IOP）升高、晶状体在位，以及前房内存在气体或空气。甘露醇、眼内压控制、前房气体或空气清除术以及虹膜切除术均被证实可用于治疗Urrets-Zavalia综合征。