Baseline participants’ characteristics in each study.*

*Data were shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables, and numbers (percentage) for categorical variables. EPIC-NL denotes Dutch contribution of the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, PREVEND denotes Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase and AST aspartate aminotransferase.†Hypertension was ascertained on the basis of self-reported diagnosis by a physician, antihypertensive medication use, systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 diastolic blood pressure, or a combination of these.‡Body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.§To convert values for glucose to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 0.0555. To convert values for uric acid to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 59.48.

连续变量以均值（标准差，SD）表示，分类变量以例数（百分比）表示。EPIC-NL指欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition）的荷兰队列贡献数据，PREVEND指肾与血管终末期疾病预防研究（Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease）；HbA1c即糖化血红蛋白（glycated hemoglobin），GGT即γ-谷氨酰转移酶（gamma-glutamyltransferase），ALT即丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase），AST即天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase）。
†高血压的判定依据为：受试者自述经医师确诊、使用降压药物、收缩压≥140毫米汞柱，或舒张压≥90毫米汞柱，或符合上述任意一项或多项情况。
‡体重指数为体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。
§血糖值转换为毫克/分升时，需除以0.0555；血尿酸值转换为毫克/分升时，需除以59.48。